#1DRAFT EIS OF MULTI BEVERAGE PROCESSING PLANT IN HERA, TIMOR LESTE TRADE MARK Heineken PEC Consulting#2Content 1. Project Overview 2. Project Site 3. Component of the Project 4. Result of Baseline Data Collection 5. Impacts Analysis 6. Mitigation Measures 7. Monitoring and performance indicator 8. Conclusion Remarks#3Project Overview By Product or waste that can be useful Water and other raw material Process Unit 1. Beer 2. Carbonated Soft drink 3. Mineral water 1. Solid waste 2. Wastewater Beer processing plant - annual capacity 300,000 HL Soft drink processing plant - annual capacity of 150,000 HL Packed mineral water - annual capacity of 150,000 HL The project will take 5 HA land in Aldeia Sukaer Laran, Suco Hera, east of Hera Power Plant#4Concept and Layout Plant 39222222 Waste water treatment plant Processing unit Pond SONY Office#5Project Site Hera Power Plant aval Port Jetty Hera Heineken Propose sit 1. 5 HA land leased by GoTL 2. Receiving environment: marine water and marine coastal 3. Available infrastructure and population. settlement in the program area Google earth#6Water Sources Ingredient and raw material Project Component Desalination Plant Beer Plant Brine 1. Beer 2. Soft drink Carbonized soft 3. Mineral water drink Plant Wastewater No Component Initial Investment Cost ($M) Water extraction from 1 groundwater $ 0.40 1. Initial investment of $38 million 2. Operating cost of $7 per year Water treatment desalination 2 plant $ 3.50 3 Beer processing plant $ 20.00 4 Soft drink processing plant 3.60 5 Wastewater treatment plant $ 2.00 6 Wastewater disposal system $ 1.50 7 Operating cost (1 year) Դ 7.00 $ 38.00#7Project Implementation Stage and Impacts Pre-Construction P No impacts Operation Construction Minor Impacts Major Impacts Temporary impacts 1. Due water consumption 2. I Due to Energy Consumption 3. Due to wastewater 4. Due to solid waste and by product 5. Due to OSH 6. Emission to air#8Result of Baseline Data Collection • Baseline Air quality Baseline of Marine water quality Survey of Ecological Resources (Mangrove, seaweed, seagrass, coral, fisheries) ⚫ Baseline of groundwater quality pumping test and groundwater quality Baseline data collection of Social and Economic Condition#9Air Quality Data Parameter Measuring result Limit value CO2, ppm 412 Methane, ppm 1.78 Nox, μg/NM3 400 (in 1 hour) and 150 (in 24 3.9 hour) 900 (in 1 hr) and (365 (in 24 Sox,, μg/NM3 4hr) PM10, μg/NM3 29 PM2.5,ug/NM3 15 150 65 Setting up Air quality sampling 24-hour Monitoring and data collection of baseline data#10Baseline Data of Marine Water Quality No Parameter Unit Test Results Standard* S3 Marine water quality sampling point Physical 1 Turbidity NTU 0.95 >3 2 Smell No smell 3 Suspended Solid mg/L 3.5 80 4 Solid Waste Negative 0 0 952 in 60 5 Temperature Oil Layer 29.7 Negative Natural 0 S4 Chemical 0 $1 1 pH 7.27 6.5 8.5 2 Salinity %00 31.6 Natural 3 Total Amonia mg/L NH3-N <0.01 0.3 2015 Google 4 Sulfida mg/L H₂S <0.01 0.03 Total Hydrocarbon mg/L Result: 1. All the four measurement shows no concern on the marine ecosystem 2. Ecological healthy (SI index) 3. Only a concern is the soluble heavy metal such as Cu, Zn, Ca, Pb that are elevated compares to the standard) 4. The measurement result provide the information for the future reference 6 Total Fenol mg/L <1 <0.001 1 0.002 7 Niti mg/L 0.422 Surfactan 8 mg/L LAS 0.235 1 (deterjen) 9 Oil and Fat 10 TBT (tri butyl tin) L mg/L 2.8 <0.001 5 0.01 Soluble Heavy Metal 1 Mercury mg/L Hg 0.00018 0.003 2 Copper mg/L Cu 0.189 0.05 3 Zinc mg/L Zn 0.259 0.1 4 Cadmium mg/L Cả 0.193 0.01 5 Lead mg/L P 0.044 0.05 Bacteriology 1 Total Coliform MPN/100 mL 1000#11Survey of Ecological Resources 2 Ecological Resources: 1. Mangrove ~ 4 HA 2. Seaweed 3. Seagrass 4. Coral 2003 Coral reef 4 Sea grass 3 Silk 2 Heineken SA GEBCO tnum obe 1 Magrove 1/44/2015 8822:00.22" S. 1250AS SO OF Legend: 1 Mangrove 2 Silk sparse seagrass 5-10 % 3 Seagrass bad 50-75 % 4 Coral reef: - live coral 40% - Died coral 20% - Rb 10% - SD 20% - OT 10%#12Result of Ecological Survey 4 HA of mangrove was observed with dominant species of Reizophora Wide spread of seaweed and seagrass around the project boundary of beach and sea Combination of living and dead corals that is valuable for fish and people Marine Biodiversity Indicator Location ID Simpson (D) S1 S2 S3 S4 ID Shannon-Wiener (H') 0.744 1.6 0.856 2.2 0.9 2.3 0.89 1.53#13Result of Ecological Survey Mangrove species Avicenia alba Avicenia marina Brugueira cylindrica Ceriops tagal Lumnitzera littorea Rhizophora apiculata Rhizophora mucronata Sonneratia alba Xylocarpus granatum % 1% 1% 5% 4% 3% 49% 6% 29% 4% 0,76% Species of Seagrass Cover 2,77% 7,16% 2,54% 10,08% Th ■ Ea ■Si ■Cs ■ Hm Varieties of corals#14Pumping Test and Groundwater Quality WA Heineken Propose site W2 W3 2016 Google ㅁ Location of Pumping test and potential production well Testing Condition 1. Pumping test in one location, then monitoring the drawdown in 3 locations 2. Pumping rate ~ 4 L/s 3. Duration of test 3 days Result: 1. Three potential production wells are independent, meaning that the aquifer is different 2. The average drawdown during the testing was 2-3 meters, from the total water thickness of 10-30 m 3. The quality of water is brackish ( 1000- 5000) mg/L in salinity#15Drawdonw, m 0.5 1.5 Drawdown, m Pumping Test and Groundwater Quality Drawn Down - 344 Drawn Down - 346 1 0.8 0.6 1 0.9 DH = 1 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.5 DH = 1 Drawn Down (m) 0.4 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 -0.2 0.3 -0.4 0.2 Time, min 0.1 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 2.5 2 Drwadown Profile of RN - 341 Dh = 1.5 m 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Time, min#16Groundwater Quality Test Parameter HTSA # 347 HTSA # 344b Test Parameter HTSA # 347 HTSA # 344b pH value at 25°C 6.8 6.6 Sulphate mg/l 46.2 37.6 Conductivity at 25°C µS/cm 1494 1918 Total Suspended Solids mg/l 2 3 Silica mg/l 46 50 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 1,405 1,902 Boron mg/l 2.55 4.66 Turbidity NTU 1.4 3.1 Salinity ppt 0.5 0.8 Arsenic mg/l <0.05 0.18 Free Chlorine mg/l < 0.02 < 0.02 CO2 mg/l 104.7 250.9 NH3 + NH4 + mg/l 0.31 0.33 NO3-+ NO2- mg/l 0.05 0.01 Total Alkalinity mg/l 656.7 855.7 Potassium mg/l 1.14 2.49 Sodium mg/l 219.1 314.6 Total Hardness mg/l 154.2 190.0 Magnesium mg/l 27.05 30.52 Calcium mg/l 17.14 25.76 Total Coliform CFU/100ml <1 <1 Strontium mg/l 1.13 1.56 Escherichia coli, CFU/100ml <1 <1 TOC mg/l 33 86 (35°C, 24 hr) DOC mg/l 23 61 Iron mg/l <0.01 0.02 UV 254 cm-1 0.024 0.024 Barium mg/l 0.04 0.09 Manganese mg/l 0.01 0.09 CO3- mg/l < 1.0 < 1.0 HCO3- mg/l 656.7 855.7 Chloride mg/l 74.7 102.6 Fluoride mg/l 1.4 1.5#17. Result of Groundwater Investigation Drawdown at pumping rate of 4 L/s or 240 L/minutes does not cause any significant that may be a concern. Recovery time really quick, that shows the large aquifer storage or water storage is reasonable large enough compare to pumping rate Salinity is high (brackish) that require further treatment for the consumption and industrial usage Observation of drawdown at pumping rate of 10 L/second would be need in order to know the profile of drawdown at the actual withdrawal capacity Quality of groundwater in general is good, except the salinity, total hardness, alkalinity, that are naturally high and typical in coastal location and in type of aquifer that contain high carbonate#18• ● Impacts During Pre-Construction and Construction Phases Temporary impacts that can be mitigated on the project site Noise and vibration General Occupational Heath and Safety (OSH) concern • Temporary disturbance of air and water quality Soil erosion and sedimentation, solid and liquid waste from worker's activities Localized flooding Temporary air quality degradation#19Impacts Assessment - Pre- and Construction Type of activity OHS - Site preparation and grading Construction and decommissioning Hazard Community Health and Safety Potential Impacts /factor of concern soil erosion Sedimentation Slope Stability Loss of vegetation Air quality Disturbance of water body Noise and Vibration Solid waste Wastewater discharge from workers Hazardous Material Land contamination Over-exertion Slips and Falls Work in Heights Struck By Objects Moving Machinery Dust Confined Spaces and Excavations Other Site Hazards General Site Hazards Disease Prevention Traffic Safety#20Operation & Maintenance Phase 1. High water consumption (large volume of water) that will be pumped out from the groundwater 2. High energy consumption - Reverse Osmosis (RO) for desalination and bottled water production; steam generation for Heat Exchanger (HE) for beer processing, soft drink processing, wastewater treatment 3. By Product that can potentially become a problem without proper handling 4. Wastewater as 50% of water used will become wastewater 5. Solid waste 6. Greenhouse gas emission 7. Climate Change impacts#21High Rate of Water Consumption - Groundwater pumping Heineken decided to utilized groundwater in the local aquifer with the capacity of 600 L/min Impacts: 1. Land subsidence facility itself) - can cause structural damage (National road, Heineken 2. Groundwater contamination from sea water intrusion 3. Water stress or crisis for local community 4. High energy requirement for pumping 5. High rate of wastewater to be treated 6. High cost to be paid#22High rate of Energy Consumption Total average annual energy consumption for the proposed plant size = 13,500,000 KWh/year Average consumption per hectolitre product - beer and soft drinks Year 2004 Unit Soft drinks only Breweries only Average all bevarage sites Kwh/hl 4.5 9,7 9.5 Electricity Thermal Kwh/hl 5.2 29.5 27.4 Total energy Kwh/hl 9.7 39.2 36.9 Water Hl/hl 2.2 4.7 4.4 1. Beer = 300,000 HL (hecto liter) 2. Soft drink = 150,000 HL 3. The utilization of this rate will generate revenue to GoTL but at the same time affect environment#23Energy Consumption • Pumping of groundwater Desalination plant to remove the salt from freshwater Process of heating and cooling within the process production will consume large energy within the processing plants Pumping of machinery or equipment and other lighting Currently the project owner plan to use power supply from EDTL The high consumption of energy will have positive and negative impacts that will be a concern#24Environmental Issue of Energy Consumption High rate of carbon footprint and contribute to Green house gas emission Global warming (heat effect) Contribute to high operating cost Occupational health and safety Heath and safety of community#25Wastewater Large amount (300 L/min) of wastewater with high BOD/COD and other pollutant Typical Ranges Of Brewery Untreated "End-Of-Pipe" Wastewater Effluent PARAMETER Water to beer ratio Wastewater to beer ratio Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) TYPICAL RANGE 4-10 liter/liter 1.3-2 liter/liter lower than water to beer ratio Coastal marine water, surrounding soil, will receive the waste loading from the beverage plant Ecological Sensitive: 1. Mangrove 2. Coral 3. Seaweed, seagrass 4. Fisheries 600-5,000 ppm Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 1,800-5,500 ppm Nitrogen 30-100 ppm Phosphorus 30-100 ppm pH 3-12 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 200-1,500 ppm The receiving environment#26Environmental Issue related Wastewater Oxygen depletion in the receiving waterbody which the Hera bay Eutrophication (algae over growth) Odor emission High Suspended solid can cause high turbidity in the marine water body Low or high (normal range of PH 6-8) Greenhouse gas emission (CO2 and Methane)#27Solid waste and Byproduct CONCERTS/ BREWING PACKAGING FOOD SERVICE EVENTS Source of solid waste Spent Grains Cardboard/Paper Food Food Spend DE Wood Pallets Cardboard Cardboard Bottles Spent Yeast Aluminum/Metal Aluminum/Metal Aluminum/Metal Spent Trub Glass Glass Glass Plastic pellet Plastic Wrap Plastic Plastic Plastic Wood pellets Cardboard-packaging Bottle and cup 1. Average annual rate of solid waste and byproduct ~ 5000 ton/year 2. This rate will become a concern without proper handling 3. The environmental issue of the solid waste can contribute more waste loading into the marine environment#28Environmental Problem of Solid waste Problem (without proper handling) BA BREWERS ASSOCIATION 1. Required Space to store 2. Environmental health and safety 3. Overtime the waste will become a hazardous material - the waste will decompose 4. Ultimately will pollute the marine environment (high BOD/COD, PH, nutrient, etc.)#29Potential Emission Rate- Direct from the Plant 3,0 2,0 1,0 Average air emissions, from beer and soft drink productions 0 2002 CO2, kg/hl NOx, g/hl SO2, g/hl 2003 2004 Emisison Amount/year Paramter Ton CO2 750.00 Nox 0.72 Sox 0.30 Given the capacity of plant in Timor Leste Emission problem: 1. Minor contribution to the greenhouse gas emission 2. Contribution to the local air pollution#30Occupational Health and Safety Explosion to risk - Organic dust from grain storage and milling Exposure to Chemical (Refrigerant and CO2) Physical Hazards (Level (falling), Slippery, Use of machine and tools, Collision (transport equipment such as forklift, truck, and containers, etc), Dust, Pressurize gas/water system, Heat and Cold system/area Exposure to Noise and Vibration (from various machineries that are operating within the facility)#31Community Health and Safety 1.Water availability and quality: Large consumption of groundwater by Heineken will affect the accessibility of community to freshwater 2. Structural safety and facility: Public and Community may have access to the facility 3.Life and Fire Safety (extended fire hazard can affect the community) 4. Traffic safety (from delivery raw material and product) 5.Disease and Presentation 6. Emergency Preparedness and Response#32Solution - Mitigation Measures Groundwater problem and water consumption Energy consumption Wastewater (liquid waste) Solid waste . Air emission OHS Community Health and Safety Avoid Impacts Minimized Impacts Offset or compensate Impacts Cost - more expensive because more damage Among these problems, Water Consumption Wastewater, and solid are the major issues: Hierarchy of Mitigation Measures: 1. Always tray to avoid the Impacts 2. If avoid is not possible, the minimize 3. Sometime avoid and minimize is enough, not then compensation offset will be applied or#33Groundwater - Pumping Rate Pumping rate should be less than the rate of sustainable yield Drawdow, m 0.5 Drawdown, m Drawn Down - 344 Drawn Down - 346 1 1 0.8 0.9 DH = 1 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.7 06 0.2 DH = 1 0.5 Drawn Down (m) -0.2 1000+ 2000 0.4 3000 4000 5000 0.3 -0.4 02 Time, min 0.1- 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 1.5 25 2 Drwadown Profile of RN - 341 Dh = 1.5 m 0 0 1000 2000 3000 Time, min 4000 5000 DH of the each production well from testing is reasonably small ~ 0.5 - 2 meter) and quick recovery. This means that for the pumping rate of 200 L/min, the aquifer is sustainable. However, required testing with the capacity of 600 L/min to analyze the DH Q After pumping Q DH Ho H1#34Operation of Production well – Mitigation Avoidance: (1). Use Seawater; (2). Water source from upland river. By using this, the groundwater problem can be avoided Minimize: (1). Reduce the rate of utilization, (2). Enhance groundwater recharge at upland, (3) Applies water conservation within the facility to achieve the reduction of water utilization, (4) monitor pumping, water use line, to achieve no. 1 Compensate/offset: (1). Provide water to the community, (2). Recharge the groundwater aquifer with treated wastewater#35Reduction of water consumption Pumping rate/Ratio of water Consumption 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 8 7 CO 6 LO 5 4 3 2 1 0 2016 2017 2018 2019 Year 2020 2021 2022 Ratio of water consumption Water consumption trend: Pumping rate 1. Year 1, the plant consumed around 600 L/min 2. Year 2, the water consumption will be reduced to 500 3. Year 3, the water consumption will be reduced to 400 L/min The reduction can be achieved by implementing EMP such as water conservation within the facility and water reduction program. By doing so, the rate of groundwater withdrawal will be reduced. Groundwater is sustainable#36Mitigation Measures (Water Consumption) ⚫ Limit and control pumping rate at production well at lower rate than sustainable yield Do not used groundwater is if the volume in the aquifer is limited compare to the rate of utilization Implement water conservation in washing process. in packing • Optimize cleaning in Place (CIP) to avoid unnecessary loss Evaluate closed-loop system for water used in pasteurization tower by recirculating. This reduce the use of freshwater#37Wastewater Treatment System 1. PH equalization: to adjust PH to 6-8, in the range, it is acceptable to environment 2. Physical treatment: Separation of solid waste from liquid waster - Remove larger solid waste - 3. Biological Treatment of anaerobic - system Reduce BOD/COD and nutrient 4. Biological treatment of aerobic system - Reduce BOD/COD and nutrient 5. Sedimentation system : 6. Sludge process 7. Disinfection 8. Disposal to the drain or reuse water Solution to the wastewater is to use the best available technology to treat the waste water up to the level that is acceptable to environment#38Disposal of Wastewater Effluent Mangrove and Marine aquaculture Effluent flow Q = 300 L/min Beverage Facility The result: (1). During the normal flow: no wastewater will enter the marine coastal (2). During the rainy season, when the soil is saturated, the wastewater will enter the marine environment Split into 10 discharge point, this means that each discharge point will have rate of 30 L/min. by doing so the soil will has capacity to retain the effluent#39Wastewater-Treatment and Disposal Avoidance: Can not be avoided (unless stop the operation) Minimize: (1). Reduce the rate of utilization, (2). Treatment with the BAT (best available technology), (3) Applies water conservation within the facility to achieve the reduction of water utilization, (4). Enhance the of reuse treated wastewater, (5). Proper solid waste management, (6). Leak detection to ensure all wastewater enter the treatment system. Compensate/offset: (1). Provide water to the community, (2). Recharge the groundwater aquifer with treated wastewater#40Solid waste handling Waste handling 2004 REDUCE the amount of waste you generate REUSE materials by finding another use for them RECYCLE all you can from what is left Recycling Incineration Land application Sanitary landfill Special waste#41Mitigation Measures (Solid waste and by products Optimal use of raw material to increase yield and reduce the generation of solid waste Valuable by product that has commercial value should be explored by (collecting and selling them and do not dump into effluent stream) recycle the broken cans/glasses and other solid waste that can be recycle and reused Utilize sludge as fertilizer in the farming system Proper collection of solid waste and handling in proper location (Tibar landfilling)#42Mitigation Measure (Emission to the air of odor and dust) The source of odor is from wort boiling process and therefore, the mitigation is to collect the vapor and condense it ⚫ Cyclone and bags filter should be used to collect and recover dust that arise during the handling of raw material such as grain and flour from malt processing unit#43Mitigation Measures (Energy Consumption) . . . Install energy meter throughout the facility to measure the energy consumption Develop the hot water balance within the system to examine the possibility of heat recovery from all the process Recover heat from wort cooling to pre-heat water for mashing the next batch Use high gravity brewing Control and optimize evaporation in wort boiling, where 6 to 10% of wort is deliberately boiled off (various mechanism to control this) Ensure effective insulation of steam, refrigeration, tunnel pasteurization, etc. Optimize refrigeration system operation by various factors Ensure that pressure in the compressed air system is as low as possible Optimize the operation of large motors within the facility#44Mitigation Measures (Occupational Health and Safety = OHS) Potential explosion risk (Ovoid dust accumulation in working area, provision of electrical grounding, use explosion proof electrical motor connection in high risk area, integration of explosion relief vents in the facility, etc.) Exposure to chemical hazard (use proper handling to the chemical according professional standard guideline) Physical hazard: use proper guideline and apply Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) to the workers while performing the physical works that has high potential of physical hazard) Exposure to noise and vibration (Use appropriate PPE) More detail of the solution are provided in the report#45Monitoring Program and Performance Indicator • ● • The Implementation of various propose mitigation measures should be monitored in order to ensure the plans are implemented The monitoring program always referring to the standard reference or performance indicator which can be set by Heineken or referring to other best practice in the related industry By comparing the reference data (baseline data) and standard regulatory guidelines, the project can be assured that the impacts are controllable and managed#46Performance Indicator Pollutants Units Guideline Value Outputs per Unit of Product Unit Benchmark WWTP pH pH 6-9 By-products a Solid waste mg/l 25 mg/l 125 mg/l 10 mg/l 2 mg/l 10 mg/l 50 ос <3b 400 To be determined on a case specific basis BOD5 COD Total nitrogen Total phosphorus Oil and grease Total suspended solids Temperature increase Total coliform bacteria Active Ingredients / Antibiotics Notes: a MPN = Most Probable Number MPN / 100 ml At the edge of a scientifically established mixing zone which takes into account ambient water quality, receiving water use, potential receptors and assimilative capacity a Input and Output Figures for Large German Breweries (capacity over 1 million hl beer) EC (2006 Spent Grains 16-19 Yeast & Lees kg/hl beer 1.7-2.9 Kieselguhr 0.4-0.7 Liquid Wastes Liquid Effluents hl/hl beer 3-6 Beer Loss 1-5 Notes: Safety parameters and indicators Outputs per Unit of Product Unit Benchmark Parameters Energy a Resource Utilization Heat Electricity Total Energy MJ/hl 85-120 kWh/hl 7.5-11.5 MJ/hl 100-160 1. Fatal accidents 2. Accidents resulting OHS in permanent disability 3. Accidents resulting Fatalities, own staff and contractor personnel Permanent disabilities, own staff Accidents, own staff and contractor personnel in absence from work 4. Lost days Water a Water consumption hl/hl beer 4-7 5. Workforce Performance indicators 1. Accident frequency Absence due to an accident, own staff in calendar days Expressed in Full-Time Equivalents (FTE) Own staff, number of accidents resulting in absence from work per 100 FTE 2. Accident severity Own staff, lost days from work per 100 FTE a Notes: Input and Output Figures for Large German Breweries (capacity over 1 million hl beer) EC (2006)#47Monitoring Data, Benchmark and EMP Monitoring data Bench Mark Decision Making Set the new Bench mark If not meet BM Implementation of EMP 1. Monitoring the important key parameters (Water use, groundwater level, energy use, rate of waste generation, etc.) during implementation of EMP 2. The data will be compared with the BM, if is too far from BM, then perform the audit and analysis to know where is the problem 3. Implement the EMP 4. If the monitoring data already equal to BM, then set new BM to achieve more efficacies#48• • . • Conclusions Remarks Proposed project of multi-purpose beverages by Heineken will utilize 600 L/min of water from the groundwater system and treat the water prior to utilization. The process production also required extensive use of energy which will be fulfilled by the supply from EDTL The process production will produce beverages as desired products and waste (liquid and solid waste) that required a proper handling to avoid the negative impacts to the environment The major impacts during the operation are related to the resources utilization (water, energy, and raw material) that will also generate waste (solid waste, liquid waste, and emission) • The occupational, health, and safety (OHS) and community health and safety are also a concern that can be managed by various EMP The impacts can be managed in minimized. Heineken has strong commitment to the concept of sustainability, where safety and minimum risk of environment is the central pillar of sustainability in their operation Control and monitoring program by the regulatory agencies however is necessary to ensure the compliancy to the regulation with the end result of good quality of environment at one hand but still generate economic benefits