#1Public Opinion Survey: Residents of Armenia January-March 2023 CENTER FOR INSIGHTS IN SURVEY RESEARCH A PROJECT OF THE INTERNATIONAL REPUBLICAN INSTITUTE#2Detailed Methodology • • • • • • The survey was conducted on behalf of the International Republican Institute's Center for Insights in Survey Research by Breavis (represented by IPSC LLC). Data was collected between January 23 and March 04, 2023, through CAPI administered face-to-face interviews at respondents' homes. Fieldwork took longer than expected because there were unreachable or difficult to reach destinations due to severe weather conditions that posed a risk to the health of interviewers. The sample consisted of n=1,513 permanent residents of Armenia older than the age of 18. A multi-level stratified sampling method was used to design a nationally representative sample. The sample was stratified by region and by urban/rural residency, followed by random selection of primary sampling units (PSUs) within each stratum. Households were selected by random walk in each of the PSUs, and respondents were selected by Kish grid. The achieved sample was weighted for age, gender, and community type according to the 2021 Yearbook of the Statistical Committee of Armenia. The response rate was 16 percent. The margin of error for the mid-range full sample does not exceed ± 2.5 points. • Charts and graphs may not add up to 100 percent due to rounding. • The survey was funded by the United States Agency for International Development. 2#3Frequently Cited Disaggregate Bases Disaggregate Age Group Category 18-35 36-55 Base* n = 513 n = 484 56+ n = 516 Gender Community type Men Women Yerevan Urban Rural n = 686 n = 827 n = 563 n = 407 n = 543 Employed Self-employed n = 492 n = 175 Homemaker n = 264 Employment status Retired n = 280 Unemployed, looking for job n = 156 Student/Pupil, Unemployed not looking for a job, Other, Don't Know/Refused to answer n = 146 *Cited bases are weighted. Margin of error will vary with sample size n. 3#4Frequently Cited Disaggregate Bases Disaggregate Category Base* 1-3 people n = 667 Number of people in the household 4-6 people n = 707 7+ people n = 135 None n = 747 Number of household members under 18 1-2 members n = 563 3+ members n = = 201 Perceptions of Armenia's development direction Right direction Wrong direction *Cited bases are weighted. Margin of error will vary with sample size n. n = 549 n = 789 4#5General Information CENTER FOR INSIGHTS IN SURVEY RESEARCH A PROJECT OF THE INTERNATIONAL REPUBLICAN INSTITUTE#6Generally speaking, do you think that Armenia is heading in the right direction or the wrong direction? All Respondents Age Group 36% 52% 12% 18-35 31% 63% 6% 36-55 35% 53% 13% 56+ 43% 41% 16% Gender Men 39% 50% 11% Women 34% 54% 12% Community type Yerevan 34% 55% 10% Urban 38% 50% 12% Rural 37% 50% 13% Occupational status Employed 33% 55% 12% Self-employed 36% 53% 11% Homemaker 35% 53% 11% Retired 49% 36% 15% Unemployed, looking for job 33% 54% 13% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% In the right direction In the wrong direction ■Don't know/Refused 6#7Generally speaking, do you think that Armenia is heading in the right direction or the wrong direction? 100% 90% 80% 73% 72% 70% 60% 50% 62% 60% 52% 46% 43% 40% 41% 42% 37% 36% 34% 34% 31% 30% 27% 25% 20% 19% 20% 20% 20% 17% 20% 18% 10% 14% 13% 12% 11% 0% Aug-2018 Oct-2018 May-2019 Oct-2019 May-2021 Jul-2021 Dec-2021 Jun-2022 Mar-2023 Right direction Wrong direction Don't know/Refused * Interviews for the May 2021, July 2021, December 2021 and June 2022 were conducted via computer-assisted phone interviews (CATI). Other previous polls were conducted through face-to-face interviews. 7#8How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the pace democracy is developing in our country? All Respondents 17% 42% 4% 35% 2% Age Group 18-35 16% 44% 6% 34% 1% 36-55 14% 40% 5% 39% 2% 56+ 21% 40% 3% 34% 2% Gender Men 19% 41% 3% 35% 2% Women 15% 42% 6% 36% 1% Community type Yerevan 16% 44% 5% 35% Urban 19% 38% 3% 38% 1% Rural 16% 42% 5% 34% 3% de de Occupational status Employed 14% 43% 5% 36% 2% Self-employed 15% 47% 5% 31% 2% Homemaker 17% 40% 5% 36% 2% Retired 23% 39% 2% 33% 2% Unemployed, looking for job 14% 38% 5% 43% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% I am satisfied; change is happening at the right pace I am dissatisfied; change is not happening fast enough I am dissatisfied; change is happening too fast No change is taking place Don't know/Refused 8#9How much interest do you have in politics?* All Respondents 29% 14% 22% 35% <1% Age Group 18-35 22% 13% 21% 44% 36-55 24% 15% 23% 38% 56+ 40% 16% 23% 21% <1% Gender Men 34% 13% 19% 34% <1% Women 24% 16% 24% 35% Community type Yerevan 29% 17% 20% 34% <1% Urban 29% 13% 19% 38% Rural 28% 13% 26% 32% <1% Occupational status Employed 26% 15% 22% 37% <1% Self-employed 29% 14% 17% 39% Homemaker 20% 15% 23% 41% <1% Retired 43% 18% 22% 17% Unemployed, looking for job Armenia's development direction 30% 14% 26% 30% Armenia is heading in the right direction 34% 15% 20% 30% <1% Armenia is heading in the wrong direction 25% 14% 22% 38% <1% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Very much interested (8-10) Somewhat interested (6-7) Somewhat not interested (4-5) Don't know/Refused ■Not at all interested (1-3) * Interest in politics was measured on a 1-10 scale. 9#10How would you evaluate the prevailing mood of the Armenian population? All Respondents 18% 26% 35% 20% 1% Age group 18-35 14% 25% 39% 22% <1% 36-55 16% 25% 36% 22% <1% 56+ 23% 29% 31% 16% 1% Gender 22% 1% 19% 1% 20 do Men 21% 27% 30% Women 15% 25% 40% Community type Yerevan 15% 25% 39% 21% <1% Urban 16% 27% 34% 23% <1% Rural 22% 27% 33% 17% 1% Occupational status Employed 16% 24% 38% 22% <1% Self-employed 18% 28% 36% 17% 1% Homemaker 19% 28% 36% 16% 1% Retired 26% 30% 28% 15% 1% Unemployed, looking for job 10% 24% 41% 24% 1% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% ■Belief that the future will definitely be better Hope that the future will be somewhat better Insecurity, worry, fear for the future ■Total disappointment, disbelief in any improvement Don't know/Refused 10#11How would you evaluate the prevailing mood of the Armenian population? Belief that the future will definitely be better Hope that the future will be somewhat better Insecurity, worry, fear for the future Total disappointment, disbelief in any improvement Don't know/Refused 18% 26% 20% 17% 26% 26% ■March 2023 35% ■July 2021* 29% 1% 3% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% * Interviews for the July 2021 were conducted via computer-assisted phone interviews (CATI). 11#12What are the main problems Armenia is currently facing? (Spontaneous response; up to three responses permitted) National security of RA and border issues 44% 11% 5% 60% Economy unemployment 8% 12% 7% 27% Poverty 4% 9% 4% 17% Necessity of reforms in the 8% 5% 2% 15% military sphere Economy cost of living, high 2% 6% 6% prices 14% Wages, low rate 2%6% 3% 11% Poor government work 4% 3% 3% 10% There is no community unity, 2%2%3% 7% solidarity 2% Healthcare issues 1% 3% 6% 1% Economy - oher, general 3%2% 6% Don't know/Refused 2% Top 10 responses displayed. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% First response Second response Third response 12#13What are the three main problems you would say your town/village is currently facing? (Spontaneous response; up to three responses permitted) Economy - unemployment 12% 5% 4% 21% Communal problems, utilities 9% 7% 3% 19% Road repair and furnishing 7% 8% 3% 18% Transport 9% 5% 3% 17% Drinking water supply 6% 3%1% 10% Environment 3% 4% 2% 9% Economy - cost of living, high prices 2% 4% 2% 8% Irrigation water 3% 3% 2% 8% Limitation of places of entertainment 2% 3% 2% 6% Infrastructure 2%22% 6% None 10% Don't know/Refused 6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% First response Second response Third response * Top 10 responses displayed. 13#14What are the three most important problems for you and your household members currently? (Spontaneous response; up to three responses permitted) Economy - unemployment 17% 7% 2% 26% Healthcare issues 6% 6% 4% 16% Low wages 9% 5% 2% 16% Housing, affordability, conditions 8% 3%2% 13% Economy - cost of living, high prices 4% 4% 2%‹ 10% National security and border issues 5% 2%1% 8% Pensions, low rate 4% 3% % 8% Communal problems, utility fees 2% %2% 6% Poverty 2%2% 1% 5% A social problem 2% 1%% 4% None 25% Top 10 responses displayed. Don't know/Refused 3% 0% 10% 20% 30% First response Second response 40% 50% Third response 14#15What are the three most important problems the new mayor of Yerevan should address?* (Spontaneous response; up to three responses permitted) Solving the transport problem Garbage collection 32% 10% 6% 48% 14% 14% 7% 35% Landscaping, greening 6% 9% 7% 22% Urban planning problems 4% 7% 2% 13% Improving traffic rules 5% 3% 3% 11% Road construction, asphalting 4% 3% 3% 9% Improvement of buildings Construction, repair of playgrounds 2% 2% 3% 3% 4% 1% 8% 7% Elimination of stray dogs 2%3%2% 7% Solving the elevator problem 2%2%1% 5% None 3% Don't know/Refused 5% 0% 20% 40% First response Second response *Among those who live in Yerevan (n=563). Top 10 responses displayed. 60% Third response 15#16Attitude towards Politicians and Political Institutions CENTER FOR INSIGHTS IN SURVEY RESEARCH A PROJECT OF THE INTERNATIONAL REPUBLICAN INSTITUTE#17Which politician or public person do you trust the most? And the second most? (Up to two spontaneous responses permitted) Nikol Pashinyan 13% 1% 14% 2% Ararat Mirzoyan 3% 1% 2% Robert Kocharyan 2% 1% 1% Aram Z. Sargsyan 1% 2% <1% Alen Simonyan 1% 2% None Don't know/Refused 5% 64% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% First response Second response 17#18Party Vote 1/2 Which political party or alliance, if any, you would vote for if national parliamentary elections were held next Sunday? (Spontaneous response) Civil Contract Armenia Alliance 4% Prosperous Armenia party 3% Public Voice Party 2% ARF Dashnaktsutyun 1% Republican Party of Armenia 1% National Democratic Pole 1% Hanrapetutyun Party 1% Christian Democratic Party 1% Armenian National Congress 1% Pativ Unem 1% Other* Spoiled ballot I would not vote Don't know/ Refused 3% 12% 21% 30% 20% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% *Responses receiving <1% are collapsed into Other. 18#19Party Vote 2/2 Which political party or alliance, if any, you would vote for if national parliamentary elections were held next Sunday?* 2/2 (Spontaneous response) Civil Contract Armenia Alliance Public Voice Party 17% 5% 4% Prosperous Armenia party 2% ARF Dashnaktsutyun 2% Armenian National Congress 1% National Democratic Pole 1% Republican Party of Armenia 1% Pativ Unem 1% Liberal Party 1% Christian Democratic Party 1% Country to Live 1% Hanrapetutyun Party 1% 3% Other** Spoiled ballot I would not vote Don't know/ Refused 14% 28% 19% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% * Among those who live in Yerevan (n=563). ** Responses receiving <1% are collapsed into Other. 19#20Which political party or alliance, if any, you would vote for if national parliamentary elections were held next Sunday? (Spontaneous response) Civil Contract Armenia Alliance 4% Armenia Alliance 6% 5% 1% 8% ARF Dashnaktsutyun 2% Pativ Unem 1% Republican Party of Armenia 1% 2% 1% 1% Pativ Unem <1% 11% Other* 6% 12% Spoiled ballot 1% I would not vote** Don't know/ Refused 0% 21% 25% 30% 40% 20% 18% 20% 40% 60% * Responses for March 2023, which do not exist in the June 2022 survey, were merged with 'Other'. ** 'None' and 'I would not vote' responses were merged in June 2022 survey. *** Interviews for the June 2022 were conducted via computer-assisted phone interviews (CATI). Boxes for 'Armenia Alliance' and 'Pativ Unem' show combined results for parties in these alliances. ■March 2023 June 2022*** 20#21How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the work of the following institutions? Armenian Apostolic Church 25% 29% 15% 25% 5% Police 19% 39% 18% 21% 3% National Security Service 16% 29% 22% 25% 9% Local governments 15% 37% 23% 21% 4% Central Electoral Commission 15% 31% 21% 24% 9% Prime Minister's Office 13% 24% 22% 39% 1% Armed forces 13% 27% 22% 37% 2% Human Rights Defender's Office 10% 31% 22% 23% 14% Corruption Prevention Commission 9% 25% 22% 36% 8% President's Office 9% 24% 20% 38% 10% Cabinet of Ministers 8% 26% 26% 38% 1% Army leadership 8% 17% 23% 51% 2% Prosecutor's Office 7% 24% 24% 26% 18% Constitutional Court 7% 22% 24% 26% 21% Courts 7% 22% 27% 29% 15% National Assembly 7% 18% 23% 51% 1% Supreme Judicial Council 6% 20% 24% 27% 23% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% ■Very satisfied Somewhat satisfied Somewhat dissatisfied ■Very dissatisfied ■Don't know/ Refused 21#22How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the work of the Police? 100% 90% 80% 70% 68% 66% 62% 60% 59% 58% 50% 40% 39% 37% 30% 31% 29% 25% 20% 10% 4% 0% Aug-2018 Satisfied May-2021 Dissatisfied 13% 4% 3% Oct-2018 Dec-2021 3% Mar-2023 Don't know/Refused * Interviews for the May 2021 and December 2021 were conducted via computer-assisted phone interviews (CATI). Other previous polls were conducted through face-to-face interviews. ** Satisfied includes responses "somewhat satisfied" and "very satisfied." Dissatisfied includes responses "somewhat dissatisfied" and "very dissatisfied." *** Prior to 2021, this question was asked with a favorable/unfavorable scale. 22#23How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the work of the Central Electoral Commission? 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 61% 50% 40% 57% 53% 50% 48% 48% 43% 40% 33% 30% 30% 45% 45% 29% 33% 24% 20% 10% 9% 14% 11% 9% 9% 7% 0% Aug-2018 Oct-2018 May-2019 Oct-2019 May-2021 Satisfied Dissatisfied Dec-2021 Don't know/Refused Mar-2023 * Interviews for the May 2021 and December 2021 were conducted via computer-assisted phone interviews (CATI). Other previous polls were conducted through face-to-face interviews. ** Satisfied includes responses "somewhat satisfied" and "very satisfied." Dissatisfied includes responses "somewhat dissatisfied" and "very dissatisfied." *** Prior to 2021, this question was asked with a favorable/unfavorable scale. 23#24How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the work of the Prime Minister's Office? 100% 90% 85% 82% 80% 76% 72% 70% 60% 61% 50% 40% 30% 20% 49% 48% 42% 38% 38% 24% 22% 21% 17% 13% 10% 0% 1% 2% 5% Aug-2018 Oct-2018 May-2019 1% Oct-2019 May-2021 4% 1% Dec-2021 Mar-2023 Satisfied Dissatisfied Don't know/Refused * Interviews for the May 2021 and December 2021 were conducted via computer-assisted phone interviews (CATI). Other previous polls were conducted through face-to-face interviews. ** Satisfied includes responses "somewhat satisfied" and "very satisfied." Dissatisfied includes responses "somewhat dissatisfied" and "very dissatisfied." *** Prior to 2021, this question was asked with a favorable/unfavorable scale. 24#25How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the work of the Armed forces? 100% 91% 90% 80% 81% 80% 75% 74% 70% 60% 58% 59% 50% 40% 40% 37% 30% 25% 20% 18% 15% 14% 10% 8% 11% 5% 0% 1% Aug-2018 1% Oct-2018 4% 2% 1% May-2019 Oct-2019 May-2021 Dec-2021 Mar-2023 Satisfied Dissatisfied Don't know/Refused * Interviews for the May 2021 and December 2021 were conducted via computer-assisted phone interviews (CATI). Other previous polls were conducted through face-to-face interviews. ** Satisfied includes responses "somewhat satisfied" and "very satisfied." Dissatisfied includes responses "somewhat dissatisfied" and "very dissatisfied." *** Prior to 2021, this question was asked with a favorable/unfavorable scale. 25#26How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the work of the Human Rights Defender's Office? 100% 90% 80% 70% 68% 63% 60% 61% 52% 50% 40% 45% 41% 30% 26% 24% 25% 24% 25% 20% 12% 13% 10% 14% 7% 0% Oct-2018 Oct-2019 May-2021 Dec-2021 Mar-2023 Satisfied Dissatisfied Don't know/Refused * Interviews for the May 2021 and December 2021 were conducted via computer-assisted phone interviews (CATI). Other previous polls were conducted through face-to-face interviews. ** Satisfied includes responses "somewhat satisfied" and "very satisfied." Dissatisfied includes responses "somewhat dissatisfied" and "very dissatisfied." *** Prior to 2021, this question was asked with a favorable/unfavorable scale. 26#27How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the work of the Army leadership? 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 54% 50% 40% 41% 40% 36% 30% 23% 20% 10% 0% May-2021 Satisfied 6% Dec-2021 Dissatisfied 74% 24% 2% Mar-2023 Don't know/Refused * Interviews for the May 2021 and December 2021 were conducted via computer-assisted phone interviews (CATI). Other previous polls were conducted through face-to-face interviews. ** Satisfied includes responses "somewhat satisfied" and "very satisfied." Dissatisfied includes responses "somewhat dissatisfied" and "very dissatisfied." *** Prior to 2021, this question was asked with a favorable/unfavorable scale. 27#28How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the work of the Constitutional Court? 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 50% 51% 48% 45% 40% 40% 36% 35% 30% 29% 20% 21% 18% 17% 10% 9% 0% Oct-2019 Satisfied May-2021 Dissatisfied Dec-2021 Mar-2023 Don't know/Refused * Interviews for the May 2021 and December 2021 were conducted via computer-assisted phone interviews (CATI). Other previous polls were conducted through face-to-face interviews. ** Satisfied includes responses "somewhat satisfied" and "very satisfied." Dissatisfied includes responses "somewhat dissatisfied" and "very dissatisfied." *** Prior to 2021, this question was asked with a favorable/unfavorable scale. 28#29How satisfied or dissatisfied are you with the work of the Courts? 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 58% 57% 57% 56% 53% 50% 41% 47% 40% 39% 39% 36% 36% 37% 34% 30% 29% 20% 20% 16% 15% 10% 8% 8% 7% 7% 0% Aug-2018 Oct-2018 May-2019 Oct-2019 May-2021 Dec-2021 Mar-2023 Satisfied Dissatisfied Don't know/Refused * Interviews for the May 2021 and December 2021 were conducted via computer-assisted phone interviews (CATI). Other previous polls were conducted through face-to-face interviews. ** Satisfied includes responses "somewhat satisfied" and "very satisfied." Dissatisfied includes responses "somewhat dissatisfied" and "very dissatisfied." *** Prior to 2021, this question was asked with a favorable/unfavorable scale. 29#30How do you feel about the direction of each of the following spheres during the past six months? Freedom of speech 28% 28% 26% 9% 9% 1% Media independence 15% 26% 33% 12% 11% 3% Healthcare 11% 34% 32% 10% 11% 2% Foreign policy 10% 27% 26% 14% 19% 4% Crime prevention 9% 33% 28% 12% 14% 4% Fight against corruption 9% 34% 32% 10% 13% 2% National security 9% 26% 31% 12% 16% 5% Democracy 8% 28% 35% 13% 14% 2% Individual human rights 8% 28% 38% 12% 12% 2% Education 8% 24% 29% 16% 19% 3% Environment 7% 34% 40% 11% 7% 2% Economy 5% 31% 27% 19% 16% 1% Justice and rule of law 5% 26% 39% 12% 13% 6% Social welfare 3% 22% 34% 20% 21% <1% Policy of RA on Nagorno-Karabakh 2% 8% 18% 16% 53% 4% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Improved a lot Somewhat improved Neither Somewhat regressed ■Regressed a lot Don't know/ Refused 30#31How do you feel about the direction of the freedom of speech during the past six months? 100% 90% 83% 80% 80% 73% 74% 70% 60% 50% 56% 40% 30% 26% 20% 19% 18% 17% 13% 15% 10% 6% 6% 3% 4% 2% 0% 1% 2% 1% Aug-2018* Oct-2018* May-2019* Oct-2019* 1% Mar-2023 -Improved Neither -Regressed Don't know/ Refused * For these surveys, the question was, 'How do you feel about the direction of the Freedom of speech issue during the past six months?' ** Improved is the sum of "improved a lot" and "somewhat improved" responses. Regressed is the sum of "regressed a lot" and "somewhat regressed" responses. 31#32How do you feel about the direction of the media independence during the past six months? 100% 90% 80% 75% 70% 68% 69% 60% 61% 50% 40% 35% 41% 33% 30% 27% 24% 22% 20% 20% 10% 3% 3% 5% 3% 0% 1% 2% 2% 2% Aug-2018* Oct-2018* -Improved Neither Oct-2019* Don't know/ Refused * For these surveys, the question was, 'How do you feel about the direction of the Media independence issue during the past six months?'. ** Improved is the sum of "improved a lot" and "somewhat improved" responses. Regressed is sum of "regressed a lot" and "somewhat regressed" responses. May-2019* -Regressed 3% Mar-2023 32#33How do you feel about the direction of the foreign policy during the past six months? 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 44% 40% 39% 36% 35% 35% 34% 30% 26% 20% 17% 15% 10% 9% 6% 0% May-2019* -Improved Neither Oct-2019* -Regressed 4% Mar-2023 Don't know/ Refused ** For these surveys, the question was, 'How do you feel about the direction of the Foreign Policy issue during the past six months?'. Improved is the sum of "improved a lot" and "somewhat improved" responses. Regressed is the sum of "regressed a lot" and "somewhat regressed" responses. 33#34How do you feel about the direction of the fight against corruption during the past six months? 100% 90% 80% 82% 70% 67% 63% 60% 50% 43% 40% 30% 32% 27% 28% 22% 20% 14% 10% 7% 2% 4% 3% 0% 2% Oct-2018* May-2019* 1% Oct-2019* Improved Neither -Regressed 2% Mar-2023 Don't know/ Refused * For these surveys, the question was, 'How do you feel about the direction of the Fight against corruption issue during the past six months?' ** Improved is the sum of "improved a lot" and "somewhat improved" responses. Regressed is the sum of "regressed a lot" and "somewhat regressed" responses. 34#35How do you feel about the direction of the national security during the past six months? 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 53% 50% 48% 44% 43% 40% 40% 41% 36% 35% 34% 30% 31% 29% 20% 16% 10% 11% 10% 9% 5% 3% 3% 4% 0% Aug-2018* -Improved Oct-2018* Neither May-2019* -Regressed Oct-2019* 5% Mar-2023 Don't know/ Refused * For these surveys, the question was, 'How do you feel about the direction of the National security issue during the past six months?' ** Improved is the sum of "improved a lot" and "somewhat improved" responses. Regressed is sum of "regressed a lot" and "somewhat regressed" responses. 35#36How do you feel about the direction of the democracy during the past six months? 100% 90% 80% 81% 70% 68% 60% 62% 60% 50% 40% 30% 25% 36% 35% 27% 26% 27% 20% 14% 10% 10% 9% 6% 4% 0% 1% 1% Aug-2018* Oct-2018* Improved Neither Oct-2019** 2% Mar-2023 Don't know/ Refused * For these surveys, the question was 'How do you feel about the direction of the Democracy issue during the past six months?' ** For this survey, the question was, 'How do you feel about the direction of the Democratic governance issue during the past six months?' *** Improved is the sum of "improved a lot" and "somewhat improved" responses. Regressed is sum of "regressed a lot" and "somewhat regressed" responses. 4% 2% May-2019* -Regressed 36#37How do you feel about the direction of the individual human rights during the past six months? 100% 90% 80% 70% 71% 70% 65% 63% 60% 50% 40% 38% 36% 30% 28% 28% 25% 25% 24% 20% 10% 4% 7% 3% 6% 0% 1% 1% 2% Aug-2018* Oct-2018* -Improved Neither May-2019* ->Regressed 1% Oct-2019* 2% Mar-2023 Don't know/ Refused * For these surveys, the question was, 'How do you feel about the direction of the Individual human rights issue during the past six months?' ** Improved is the sum of "improved a lot" and "somewhat improved" responses. Regressed is the sum of "regressed a lot" and "somewhat regressed" responses. 37#38How do you feel about the direction of the education during the past six months? 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 52% 53% 50% 49% 40% 38% 35% 32% 30% 30% 27% 29% 20% 20% 15% 10% 9% 0% 1% Aug-2018* -Improved 2% Oct-2018* Neither 4% 3% May-2019* Regressed Mar-2023 Don't know/ Refused * For these surveys, the question was, 'How do you feel about the direction of the Education issue during the past six months?' ** Improved is the sum of "improved a lot" and "somewhat improved" responses. Regressed is the sum of "regressed a lot" and "somewhat regressed" responses. 38#39How do you feel about the direction of the economy during the past six months? 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 58% 54% 50% 45% 45% 40% 42% 36% 35% 33% 30% 31% 31% 27% 20% 20% 14% 10% 10% 12% 0% 1% Aug-2018* 1% 2% Oct-2018* -Improved Neither May-2019* -Regressed 1% Oct-2019* 1% Mar-2023 ** Don't know/ Refused * For these surveys, the question was, 'How do you feel about the direction of the Economy issue during the past six months?' Improved is the sum of "improved a lot" and "somewhat improved" responses. Regressed is the sum of "regressed a lot❞ and "somewhat regressed" responses. 39#40How do you feel about the direction of the policy of RA on Nagorno- Karabakh during the past six months? 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 45% 40% 32% 30% 20% 18% 10% 0% 6% May-2019* Neither 69% 18% 10% 4% Mar-2023 -Improved -Regressed Don't know/ Refused * For this survey, the question was, 'How do you feel about the direction of the Policy of RA on Nagorno-Karabakh issue during the past six months?' ** Improved is the sum of "improved a lot" and "somewhat improved" responses. Regressed is the sum of "regressed a lot" and "somewhat regressed" responses. 40#41What do you think is the biggest success of the government during the last 6 months? (Spontaneous response) Development of diplomatic relations 6% Improvement of roads 4% Economic growth 2% Increasing social services, benefits 2% Prevention of corruption 2% Presentation of issues of Armenia and Artsakh in 2% international courts Reforms implemented in the police system Deployment of a new observation mission of the European Union on the Armenian-Azerbaijani border 1% 1% Increase in pensions 1% Regulation of relations with Turkey 1% Purchase of military equipment 1% Democracy 1% Ensuring peace 1% Other* 10% None Don't know/Refused 21% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% *Mentions less than 1% are collapsed into Other. 43% 41 50%#42What do you think is the biggest failure of the government during the last 6 months? (Spontaneous response) Closure of Lachine corridor Overturning the Karabakh issue National security of RA and border issues Loss of territories 15% 9% 8% 7% do do 6% Inattentive state in the army The number of casualties in the army 5% Foreign policy 5% Poor government work 3% Misappointment of personnel 2% Political instability 2% Poor performance of the judicial system 1% Regulation of relations with Turkey 1% Lost people's trust 1% Other* 7% None 6% Don't know/Refused 21% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% *Mentions less than 1% are collapsed into Other. 42#43What are things you believe that N. Pashinyan's Government must achieve in the next 6 months, if any? (Spontaneous response; up to three responses permitted) Improvement of army conditions 12% 8% 3% 23% Protection of RA national security and borders Creation of jobs 3% 7% 12% 7% 3% 22% 6% 16% Establish peace 9% 4% 2% 15% Opening of Lachin corridor 9% 4% <1% 13% Pro-Armenian settlement of the Karabakh issue 8% 3%2% 13% Improvement of social problems 2% 5% 5% 12% Armament of the army 6% 4% 2% 12% Strengthen foreign policy 5% 2% 3% 10% Ensuring economic growth 2% 4% 3% 9% None 6% Don't know/Refused 6% 0% 10% First response 20% Second response 30% Top 10 responses displayed. 40% 50% Third response 43#44To what extent is corruption a problem in our country? All Respondents 41% 32% 19% 6% 1% Age group 18-35 36% 33% 22% 8% <1% 36-55 39% 37% 17% 6% <1% 56+ 49% 27% 18% 4% 2% Gender Men 42% 29% 21% 8% <1% Women 41% 35% 18% 5% 1% Community type Yerevan 44% 33% 20% 3% 1% Urban 41% 35% 18% 6% 1% Rural 39% 30% 20% 10% 1% Occupational status Employed 38% 35% 20% 6% 1% Self-employed 46% 26% 19% 7% 1% Homemaker 37% 34% 20% 8% 2% Retired 49% 28% 18% 3% 1% Unemployed, looking for job Armenia's development direction Armenia is heading in the right direction Armenia is heading in the wrong direction 37% 35% 20% 8% <1% 34% 33% 25% 8% 1% 47% 31% 16% 5% 1% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% It is a very large problem It is a somewhat small problem ■Don't know/Refused It is a somewhat large problem It is a very small or not a problem 44#45Over the past 12 months, has corruption among national authorities increased, decreased, or stayed the same? All Respondents 21% 30% 39% 10% Age Group 18-35 20% 27% 45% 8% 36-55 20% 29% 43% 8% 56+ 23% 35% 28% 14% Gender Men 25% 29% 35% 11% Women 18% 31% 41% 9% Community type Yerevan 24% 24% 43% 9% Urban 23% 28% 35% 14% Rural 18% 38% 37% 8% Occupational status Employed 20% 24% 43% 13% Self-employed 25% 40% 30% 5% Homemaker 16% 38% 37% 9% Retired 24% 35% 28% 13% Unemployed, looking for job 26% 21% 49% 4% Armenia's development direction Armenia is heading in the right direction Armenia is heading in the wrong direction 11% 48% 31% 9% 31% 18% 43% 7% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% ■Increased Decreased Stayed the same Don't know/Refused 45#46I will read you a list of institutions. For each, please tell me if there is a lot, some, little, or no corruption among these institutions? Public medical establishments 21% 37% 17% 21% 4% Courts 20% 34% 15% 12% 19% Customs and border guard 16% 35% 15% 15% 20% service Public educational 12% 36% 19% 27% 7% establishments Police, including traffic police 12% 33% 19% 28% 8% Cadaster committee 8% 28% 16% 26% 23% Banks 10% 17% 15% 0% 46% 12% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% ■ A lot Some Little No Don't know/ Refused 46#47I will read you a list of institutions. For each, please tell me if there is a lot, some, little, or no corruption among these institutions? Customs and border guard service Courts March 2023 16% 35% 15% 15% 20% October 2019 10% 34% 24% 13% 19% March 2023 20% 34% 15% 12% 19% October 2019 14% 35% 23% 15% 13% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% ■ A lot Some Little No Don't know/Refused 47#48What government led anti-corruption reforms do you know? (Spontaneous response; up to three responses permitted) Increasing the efficiency of detection of corruption crimes Specialized anti-corruption bodies Anti-corruption court Confiscation of property of illegal origin 7% 4% 2% 2% Implementation of patrol operations 2% Declaration of expenses by officials 2% Improved public service provision, creation of unified offices 2% Control over state structures has been strengthened Salary increase 1% 1% Ensuring equality before the law 1% Disclosure of real owners of companies 1% Other* 1% None *Mentions less than 1% are collapsed into Other. Don't know/Refused 32% 46% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 48#49International Policy CENTER FOR INSIGHTS IN SURVEY RESEARCH A PROJECT OF THE INTERNATIONAL REPUBLICAN INSTITUTE#50How would you evaluate the current state of the relationship between Armenia and ...? France 63% 33% Iran 38% 53% 2% 1% 5% 3% 1% USA 21% 67% 7% 2% 2% European Union 18% 68% 8% 3% 3% China 18% 66% 6% 2% 8% Georgia 17% 63% 16% 3% 2% Russia 10% 40% 34% 15% 1% Ukraine 4% 40% 31% 16% 10% Turkey 3% 20% 24% 51% Azerbaijan 22% 7% 89% 2% <1% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% ■ Very good Somewhat good Somewhat bad ■Very bad Don't know/Refused 50#51Which of these countries do you consider the most important political partners for Armenia? (Multiple responses permitted) France 75% Iran 67% USA Russia European Union China 52% 50% 36% 33% Georgia 22% Ukraine 5% Turkey 2% Azerbaijan 1% Don't know/Refused 1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 51#52Which of these countries do you consider the most important economic partners for Armenia? (Multiple responses permitted) Russia Iran China 61% 60% 43% France Georgia USA 32% 31% 23% European Union 22% Turkey 10% Ukraine 4% Azerbaijan <1% Don't know/Refused 2% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 52#53Which of these countries do you consider the most important security partners for Armenia? (Multiple responses permitted) Iran 54% France 52% Russia USA 50% 37% European Union 22% China 12% Georgia 10% Ukraine 2% Turkey 1% Azerbaijan <1% Don't know/Refused 5% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 53#54Which of these countries poses the greatest political threat to Armenia? (Multiple responses permitted) Azerbaijan Turkey 93% 89% Russia 24% Ukraine 7% Georgia 5% USA 3% European Union 2% Iran 1% France | <1% China <1% Don't know/Refused 1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 54#55Which of these countries poses the greatest economic threat to Armenia? (Multiple responses permitted) Turkey Azerbaijan Russia 66% 62% 28% Georgia 13% Ukraine 5% Iran 4% China 2% USA 2% European Union 2% France <1% Don't know/Refused 8% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 55#56How would you evaluate the current state of the relationship between Armenia and USA? 100% 90% 87% 88% 88% 84% 80% 81% 77% 70% 65% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 20% 20% 12% 10% 10% 15% 8% 8% 9% 9% 5% 4% 4% 3% 0% 2% Aug-2018 Oct-2018 Good May-2019 Bad Oct-2019 May-2021 Dec-2021 Don't know/Refused to answer Mar-2023 * Interviews for the May 2021 and December 2021 were conducted via computer-assisted phone interviews (CATI). Other previous polls were conducted through face-to-face interviews. 56#57100% How would you evaluate the current state of the relationship between Armenia and European Union? 90% 91% 88% 86% 80% 81% 82% 70% 69% 60% 54% 50% 40% 30% 26% 26% 20% 20% 12% 10% 10% 11% 7% 6% 6% 5% 8% 5% 4% 3% 0% Aug-2018 Oct-2018 Good May-2019 Bad Oct-2019 May-2021 Dec-2021 Mar-2023 Don't know/Refused to answer * Interviews for the May 2021 and December 2021 were conducted via computer-assisted phone interviews (CATI). Other previous polls were conducted through face-to-face interviews. 57 40#58How would you evaluate the current state of the relationship between Armenia and Georgia? 100% 93% 90% 92% 94% 88% 80% 80% 70% 60% 58% 50% 40% 44% 37% 39% 30% 20% 20% 19% 10% 8% 5% 4% 5% 2% 3% 3% 4% 3% 0% 2% Aug-2018 Oct-2018 Good May-2019 Bad Oct-2019 May-2021 Dec-2021 Don't know/Refused to answer Mar-2023 * Interviews for the May 2021 and December 2021 were conducted via computer-assisted phone interviews (CATI). Other previous polls were conducted through face-to-face interviews. 58#59How would you evaluate the current state of the relationship between Armenia and Russia? 100% 92% 90% 93% 87% 88% 80% 70% 70% 64% 60% 50% 50% 49% 40% 34% 30% 20% 15% 10% 11% 7% 14% 9% 6% 1% 3% 0% 2% Aug-2018 1% 2% Oct-2018 May-2019 Oct-2019 Good Bad May-2021 Dec-2021 Don't know/Refused to answer 1% Mar-2023 * Interviews for the May 2021 and December 2021 were conducted via computer-assisted phone interviews (CATI). Other previous polls were conducted through face-to-face interviews. 59#60How would you evaluate the current state of the relationship between Armenia and Turkey? 100% 98% 98% 97% 90% 85% 91% 84% 80% 70% 75% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 23% 10% 11% 12% 5% 4% 3% 0% 1% 1% Aug-2018 Oct-2018 Good May-2019 Bad 1% 1% Oct-2019 4% 3% 2% May-2021 Dec-2021 Don't know/Refused to answer Mar-2023 * Interviews for the May 2021 and December 2021 were conducted via computer-assisted phone interviews (CATI). Other previous polls were conducted through face-to-face interviews. 60#61Media and Sources of Information CENTER FOR INSIGHTS IN SURVEY RESEARCH A PROJECT OF THE INTERNATIONAL REPUBLICAN INSTITUTE Insta t You ul#62Which specific media outlets do you consider most trustworthy for political information? (Spontaneous response; up to two responses permitted) Public TV channel of 23% 10% 33% Armenia Armenia 13% 12% 25% Shant 9% 12% 21% Azatutyun 7% 4% 11% TV 5 3% 1% 4% News.am 2% 1% 3% Second Armenian TV 2% 1% channel 3% 1% Kentron 1% 3% None 18% Don't know/Refused 6% 0% 10% 20% 30% Top 8 responses displayed. First response 40% 50% Second response 22 62#63Which of these sources do you use to gain political information? (Multiple responses permitted) Armenian TV - news, programs 76% Social media Online media Relatives, friends 57% 46% 44% Russian TV - news, programs Radio news, programs Work colleagues European, Western TV - news, programs Articles in newspapers Meetings with politicians Billboards, stands in the streets Articles in magazines 40% - 21% Debates 20% 15% 15% 8% 7% 5% 2% Leaflets, other free information by mail 1% Other 1% None 1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 63#64Which TV news program or YouTube channel do you view the most for political information? (Spontaneous response; up to two responses permitted) Lurer, Public TV-1 Jame, Armenia Horizone, Shant 10% 16% 23% Azatutyun 5% 2% 7% Hai Lur, 5th channel 3% 2% 5% Epikentron, Kentron 1%2% 3% None Don't know/Refused 6% 17% 13% 12% 21% 11% 34% 29% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% First response Second response Total mentions less than 3% are not displayed. 64#65In your opinion, is Armenian mass media, meaning TV, radio, press and online media, free to express various political views? All Respondents 35% 34% 20% 9% 2% Age group 18-35 31% 38% 21% 9% 1% 36-55 39% 31% 19% 9% 2% 56+ 35% 34% 19% 9% 3% Gender Men 32% 36% 19% 11% 2% Women 37% 33% 21% 7% 2% Community type Yerevan 28% 34% 24% 13% 1% Urban 34% 34% 21% 10% 2% Rural 42% 35% 14% 5% 3% Occupational status Employed 34% 36% 19% 9% 2% Self-employed 34% 39% 13% 10% 4% Homemaker 47% 29% 17% 5% 2% Retired 35% 35% 19% 8% 3% Unemployed, looking for job Armenia's development direction 26% 29% 33% 10% 2% Armenia is heading in the right direction Armenia is heading in the wrong direction 47% 35% 12% 5% 1% 27% 33% 25% 12% 2% T 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Totally free Somewhat free ■Not very free ■Not free at all Don't know 65#66Why do you think that Armenian mass media, meaning TV, radio, press and online media, is not free to express various political views? (Spontaneous response) Media is not impartial Government puts pressure on media Media doesn't provide correct and complete information 8% Media is corrupt 5% They put pressure on the media 5% Don't know/Refused 12% 28% 43% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% *Among those who think that Armenian mass media, meaning TV, radio, press and online media, is not free to express various political views, (n=434). 66#67How much time do you spend on the internet per week? All Respondents 18% 33% 16% 8% 25% <1% Age group 18-35 6% 30% 17% 7% 40% 36-55 11% 39% 21% 9% 20% 56+ 38% 30% 11% 7% 14% <1% Gender Men 18% 28% 16% 7% 30% <1% Women 19% 37% 16% 8% 20% <1% Community type Yerevan 17% 27% 17% 8% 30% <1% Urban 18% 35% 17% 10% 21% <1% Rural 20% 37% 15% 5% 22% Occupational status Employed 10% 35% 21% 8% 25% Self-employed 11% 34% 16% 7% 32% Homemaker 16% 42% 18% 7% 16% Retired 46% 24% 9% 5% 15% 1% Unemployed, looking for job 13% 26% 15% 11% 35% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% None or less than an hour per week 1-7 hours per week More than 7-14 hours per week More than 14-21 hours per week More than 21 hours per week Don't know/Refused 67 40#68Demographics CENTER FOR INSIGHTS IN SURVEY RESEARCH A PROJECT OF THE INTERNATIONAL REPUBLICAN INSTITUTE#69100% 80% Demographics 60% 55% 45% 40% 20% 0% 34% Men Women 18-35 36-55 Gender Age 32% 34% 36% 56+ Rural Urban 37% 27% 4% 9% 9% 7% 8% 7% 7% 5% 4% 2% Yerevan Aragatsotn Ararat Armavir Gegharquniq Kotayq Lori Shirak Syuniq Tavush Vayots Dzor Yerevan Community type Region 69 37%#70100% 80% 60% Demographics 40% 35% 33% 27% 22% 20% 4% 5% <1% %0 9% 6% 3% 17% 19% 10% 3% 4% <1% 2% 1% 64% 20% 12% 4% <1% Less than completed primary Unfinished secondary Secondary Vocational Unfinished higher University, higher Employed in a paid job full-time Employed in a paid job part-time Self-employed full-time Self-employed part-time Homemaker Retired Unemployed, looking for a job Unemployed, not looking for a job Student, pupil Employer Pensioner Don't know/Refused Never been married Married Widowed Divorced Don't know/Refused Educational Attainment Occupation Marital status 70#71Are you a member of a political party? Economic Situation Demographics We do not have enough money even for food We have enough money for food, but have difficulties buying clothes We have money for food and clothes; we can save some, but we do not have money to buy exp. things We can afford some expensive things, like a car, but not an apartment or a country house We can afford anything we want including an apartment or a country house 2% Don't know/Refused 1% 8% Yes 3% No Don't know/Refused <1% 17% 15% 56% 97% 71#72Center for Insights in Survey Research 202.408.9450 | [email protected] www.IRI.org UNITED S SAGENCY USAID INTERNATIONAL EVELOPMENT USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE CENTER FOR INSIGHTS IN SURVEY RESEARCH A PROJECT OF THE INTERNATIONAL REPUBLICAN INSTITUTE breavis