#1June 29, 2022 Wyoming Connected Vehicle Pilot Deployment Project: Speed and Safety Performance Measures Rhonda Young, P.E., Ph.D Professor and Chair of Civil Engineering GONZAGA UNIVERSITY#2Wyoming Connected Vehicle Pilot Wyoming DOT Connected Vehicle Pilot Deployment Program TRANSPORTATIO OKKS DEPARTMENT ICF U.S. Department of Transportation MCFARLAND MANAGEMENT, LLC UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING GONZAGA UNIVERSITY INCAR Trihydro INOAM Asso TRUCKING CIATION#3Wyoming Wyoming Connected Vehicle Pilot 00000 Tampa, Florida Connected Vehicle Pilot Deployment Concept Development Design/Deploy/ Test GAP Operate Pilot at Scale New York City Connected Vehicle (CV) Pilots intend to accelerate the deployment by: Spurring innovation Encouraging partnerships Demonstrating potential benefits (safety, mobility, environmental) • Creating sustainable momentum for nationwide deployment#4South Dakota Nebraska Wyoming Connected Vehicle Pilot • 402-mile corridor along Wyoming's southern border >32 million tons of freight per year Truck volume 30-55% of total traffic stream on an annual basis - Seasonal peaks as high as 70% West wellowstone nd Pack Yellowstone National Park Utah Dity Silver Shoshone Bridger Teton National Forest National Forest Dubois Cody Ponel WIND RIVER RESERVATION Lander Montana Sheridan Bighorn National Forest buttal Gillette Kav Thermopos Fed WYOMING Casper Douglas Thunder Basin National Grassland Medicine Bow National Forest Cheyerce Colorado#5Wyoming Connected Vehicle Pilot Wyoming's Interstate 80 One of the most heavily instrumented rural corridors in the United States 136 Variable Speed Limit Signs supported by 94 speed sensors 54 Electronic Message Signs 44 Weather Stations 52 Webcams මල 191 Springs 789 Medicine Bow National Forest hey#6Wyoming Connected Vehicle Pilot Timeline Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Planning 09/2015-09/2016 Deployment • 10/2016 - Summer 2018 10/2016 - November 2020 • Demonstration • Fall 2018-10/2019 • December 2020- Spring 2022 Concept Development System Planning Deployment Plan System Design System Build System Testing and Acceptance Real-World Demonstration Evaluation Maintenance#7Wyoming Connected Vehicle Pilot CV Environment 75 Roadside Units on 1-80 400 Vehicles with DSRC Connectivity V2V Applications Forward Collision Warning Distress Notification (()) DSRC Satellite WYDOT's CV Pilot System Vehicle System SALT Wyoming CV System Roadside Infrastructure 80 160 Back office system V21 Applications Situational Awareness Spot Weather Work Zone Warning External Interfaces#8Wyoming Connected Vehicle Pilot On-Board Applications 12V/V2I Situational Awareness (SWIS*) Spot specific weather reported by WYDOT sources TIMs via Satellite Vehicle 3 0'0' '0'0' Vehicle 1 Probe TIMs via Vehicle 2 Data RSU 0°0′0'0° 0°0' 00' *Spot Weather Impact Warning: Localized road weather information (fog, ice, etc.)#9Wyoming Connected Vehicle Pilot Road Weather Hazard Module L E-Training In-Cab Display Unit Layout Speed Limit SPEED LIMIT Distress Notification Button DASUNG Poor Visibility Next five miles Critical Warnings Advisory Warnings ACCIDENT AHEAD FOG AREA SOS LEAR CONNEXUS Forward Collision Ale Settings Button Note: The notifications will remain on the display until the event is over Forward Collison Warning CHAINS REQUIRED 0 Vehicle Speed NEXT#10Speed and Safety Performance Measures#11Performance Measure Summary Improve speed adherence and reduce speed variation PM Performance Measure 8 Total vehicles traveling at no more than 5 mph over the posted speed (compare before and after CV Pilot) 9 Total vehicles traveling within +/- 10 mph of the posted speed (compare before and after CV Pilot) 10 Speed of applicable connected vehicles are closer to posted speed when compared to non-connected vehicles Reduce vehicle crashes PM 11 Number of connected vehicles involved in a crash Performance Measure Initial crashes • Secondary crashes (total and specifically rear-end crashes) 12 Reduction of the number of vehicles involved in a crash (compare to 5-year average before Pilot) 13 Reduction of total and truck crash rates within a work zone area (compared to 5-year average before Pilot) 14 Reduction of total and rates of truck crash along the corridor (compare a 5-year average before Pilot to CV Pilot data) 15 Reduction of critical (fatal or incapacitating) total and truck crash rates in the corridor (compared to 5-year average before Pilot) Improve drive behavior compliance PM Performance Measure 16 CVs that Likely Took Action Following Receipt of an Alert 17 CVs that Likely Acted Following Receipt of a V2V Alert#12Speed Performance Measures - Speed Compliance (<5 mph limit) • • Overall speed compliance was shown to decrease from 77.1% to 65.8%, a reduction of 11.3% across all weather conditions Mixed condition storms (storm categories 9 and 11) presented improvement in speed compliance Storm Cat. Baseline Jan. - Nov. 2017 0 Baseline # % Compliant 2,235 Post-Deployment Dec. 2020 - Dec. 2021 # Vehicles Comparison to Baseline % Compliant % Difference 88.8% 1 40,524,982 86.3% 356,787,174 65.4% -20.9% (ideal) 2 3,430,866 87.4% 13,286,077 73.3% -14.1% (wind) 3 1,951,772 80.7% (Snow/Ice) 147 64.2% 6,926,073 55.0% -9.2% 4 (Low Vis) 5 164 53.4% (Wet pvmt, wind) 6 268 61.5% (Ice, high wind) 7 31,088 86.2% (Ice, low vis. or mod. wind) 8 2,610 81.7% (High wind, wet roads) 9 197,985 79.1% 6,963 82.6% 3.5% (Mixed 1) 10 13,211 74.7% (Wind, cold pvmt.) 11 (Mixed 2) Total 2,241,121 48,396,449 80.1% 77.1% 4,594,541 381,600,828 85.0% 4.9% 65.8% -11.3%#13Speed Performance Measures -Speed Buffer (±10 mph limit) Generally, speed Baseline variability was shown to improve from 58.9% to Storm Cat. Jan. - Nov. 2017 Post-Deployment Dec. 2020 - Feb. 2022 Comparison to Baseline Baseline % Buffer # Vehicles % Buffer % Difference 66.4%, a 7.5% 0 improvement across all 1,720 68.3% 1 weather conditions 33,619,787 71.6% 356,787,174 66.9% -4.7% 2 2,618,285 66.7% 13,286,077 62.5% -4.2% • Low visibility storms 3 1,595,658 66.0% (#4) show a 1.7% 4 134 58.5% 6,926,073 60.2% 1.7% improvement in speed 5 138 45.0% variability 6 268 61.5% 7 17,382 48.2% 8 1,689 52.9% 9 137,739 55.1% 6,963 37.5% -17.6% 10 9,222 52.2% 11 Total 1,694,709 39,696,731 60.6% 58.9% 4,564,541 381,600,828 51.6% -9.0% 66.4% 7.5%#14Percentage of Vehicles 20% Speed Performance Measures -Speed Compliance: CV vs Non-CV Vehicles Histogram Comparing CV and NonCV Speed Behavior under Ideal Weather Conditions, as Percentages (Storm Category 1) 20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 12% 10% 8% 6% 6% 0% 4% 2% 2% <-30 (-30,-25) 1% 1% 2% 196 3% (-25,-20) (-20,-15) 3% (-15,-10) (-10,-5) 79% (-5,0) 18% 18% 18% 15% 14% 11% 11% 9% 7% 20% Histogram Comparing CV and NonCV Speeding Patterns under Non-Ideal Conditions, as Percentages (Storm Category 2-11) 18% 4% 3% 16% 1% 14% 13% (0,5) (5,10) (10,15) (15,20) (20,25) 5 MPH Speed Bins Non CV Ideal Conditions ■CV Ideal Conditions Percentage of Vehicles 12% 10% 12% 12% 11% 10% 8% 7% 7% 6% 6% 6% 5% 4% 4% 4% 2% 2% 0% <-30 (-30,-25) (-25,-20) (-20,-15) (-15,-10) 18% 18% 15% (-10,-5) (-5,0) (0,5) (5,10) 10% 10% 5% 5% 4% 2% 1% 0% (10,15) (15,20) (20,25) CV non-Ideal Conditions 5 MPH Speed Bins NonCV non-Ideal Conditions 0% 3% 0.3% (25,30) >30 12%#15Safety Performance Measures - CV Crashes • Tracks number of initial and secondary crashes that connected vehicles were involved in during post deployment stage - ― Requires self notification by the CV fleets managers (Friendly and Partner) – No crashes involving a connected vehicle were reported to WYDOT during period from December 2020 through February 2022#16Safety Performance Measures -Crash History PMs • 15 months of crash data collected (Five 3- • month periods) No noticeable change in crash data to date ― Number of Vehicles in Crash - - Work Zone Crashes ― Crash Rates - ― Critical Crashes -#17Driver Compliance After Alert Three snapshot analyses were done to evaluate the driver reactions after receiving an alert: High wind alerts for a wind event on June 22, 2021 Work zone alerts for a construction zone during the month of June 2021 Winter storm event on February 2, 2022#18Driver Compliance After Alert High wind alerts for a wind event on June 22, 2021 Work zone alerts for a construction zone during the month of June 2021 Winter storm alerts during the month of Feb 2, 2022 Speed # of # of Driver Event Driver Action Event Driver Action Event Alert Types (MPH) Alerts Alerts Action 1 21.74 Vehicle Stopped 1 8 Vehicle Exited 1 5 Icy Patches (2), Vehicle 2 6 No Action Snow, Blowing Reduced 2 77.40 No Action 2 No Action Snow, Ice Speed 3 69.88 No Action 4 6 Reduced Speed 2 2 Snow (2) Vehicle 4 13.96 Vehicle Stopped 5 1 Reduced Speed Reduced 6 6 Reduced Speed Speed 5 54.27 Vehicle Reduced 7 1 Reduced Speed 3 1 Snow No Action Speed 8 2 Reduced Speed 4 1 Icy Patches No Action 6 77.31 Vehicle Reduced 2 Reduced Speed Speed 10 1 No Action 7 77.67 No Action 11 6 Reduced Speed 8 75.70 No Action 12 1 Reduced Speed 13 9 33.33 Vehicle Reduced 14 33 No Action No Action Speed 10 78.69 Vehicle Reduced 15 1 No Action 16 4 No Action Speed#19Project Accomplishments#20WYDOT CV Pilot Accomplishments . • · . Integration and Operations The CV pilot is fully integrated into TMC operations. No additional personnel or changes to workload. Improvement of backoffice processes and monitoring capabilities. Integration of the Operational Data Environment (ODE) with the V2X Hub. Integration of the Secure Credential Management System with the TMC, RSU, and OBU.#21WYDOT CV Pilot Accomplishments Research and Testing • 50+ research documents identifying successes, findings and gaps in research. Creation of a testbed for new technologies and software. Moved forward the hardware, firmware, and software.#22WYDOT CV Pilot Accomplishments . Standards and Freight • Serve as ground proof / empirical data for improving guidelines and standards for freight vehicles and rural environments. • Successful implementation of Distress Notifications and Weather Cloud. • Engage with security.#23Transition Plan#24Transition Plan • WYDOT plans to continue use of the CV Pilot's infrastructure in the TMC used to create and disseminate TIMs. With the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) removing the lower 45 MHz and pushing for cellular vehicle to everything (C-V2X) communications, WYDOT will not continue use of DSRC after July 2022. Satellite delivery of TIMs will remain in effect for the foreseeable future for the entire state. Alexa Skill deployed through the situation data exchange (SDX) will also continue and WYDOT will continue to populate the SDX so third-party vendors can use WYDOT data.#25Questions • Rhonda Young [email protected]