#1GSEP Workshop Washington DC Sep. 12-13 2011 Challenge for Cool City Tokyo, Osaka Short introduction of there estimated goal and the achievements of demonstration projects Toshiya Takahashi Director Standardization division 1 PMA JAPAN PAINT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION#2• Topics Policies & programs to promote Cool cities Heat Island effect simulations(before/after counter measure) How Tokyo and Osaka planed and promoting demonstration projects JPMA JAPAN PAINT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION 2#3Policies & strategy to promote Cool cities •Heat-island effect was defined as a kind of Heat pollution by Ministry of environment in 2001 in Japan. •General policy council has been organized for Anti-Heat island effect by 3 major ministries in 2003. (METI,MLIT,MOE) •Preservation national low of urban green area: 2004 City code are widely introduced Thanks to the Kyoto protocol,Japanese people like green roof gardens •Tax privileges Related city regulations and agreements were proclaimed to encourage the individual land owners and building owners 3#4Earth Simulator and Landsat data can tell us environmental changes from large area to a very small area even in building by building. Every major cities applying this system to analyze heat-island effects to there environment. 季節~年間の予測 約2km~10 km,约100层 Sharing the best practice simulation model 局地的現象の予測・数日~数週間 約100m ~約2km,約100底 都市性気候の再現と予測 数m~数100m,約200 (地形データ: 国土地理院より) Landscape data from agency of Land & geography#50 1977 50 60 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 Total Hot-air nights over 25°C and there transition in major cities in Japan g-vlagg Osaka Tokyo Nagoya Osaka shows steep increase than other cities. •Average Temperature of mid-summer night in Osaka is much higher than Tokyo(~2°C) Yokohama 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 Data from Meteorological Agency 5#6Heat island measures area in Tokyo 新宿区 (千代田区) |台東区 中央路 港区 BR 新品区 7wards for H-I effect countermeasures project area promotion area 23wards (Urban area of Tokyo city) Data from 2008 Tokyo pref. Environmental agency report. 6#7Wind-passage project in Tokyo station Pulled down the old building which blocked cool wind from Tokyo bay Build new 2 buildings like a gate pillars サウスタワー 高さ205m 2007年竣 2 [C] O -1 -2 「丸の内 [m/s] 3 2 1 0 Tokyo station 東京駅 Pulled down Building ビル -2 Tem. Drop after project -3 ノースタワー Pulled down Building 205m 2087年竣工) 丸の内 東京駅 駅ビル 去ビ主 撤去した Wind speed up after project 7#8-10°C -13°C at night -2°C -3°C Popular Pavement Tem.drop at noon Tem.drop 60 Cool pavement effect Cool A pavement 路面温度(℃) 0 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 24:00 Time RG:18: 1. 00 SC: NORM 05/09/08 RG:16: 1.00 SC NORM 14:30:56 05/09/08 14:27:54 (110.0) 60.0 55.0 T T (110.0) 600 55.0 50.0 50.0 450 45.0 45/4 400 400 35.0 350 30.0 30.0 25.0 25.0 20.0 (-30.0) 20.0 (-30.0) Porous asphalt pavement : 52.7°C) Cool pavement : 49.0°C) Tem. rise of pants surface after 10min. ( -4°C) 8#9Simulation result for targeted area in Tokyo If we apply Cool pavement 100% for 23wards Reflect the heat in summer 36.0- 161995 Temp. difference 0.6 0.4 35.8 02-88 0.2 0.1 35.6 Popular pabement 56.3°C 35.4 Cool pavement 46.3°C 35.2 139.2 139.4 139.6 139.8 140.0 140.2 10 (m/s) Pilot project at Shibuya cross section -10°C +0.2 -0.4 -0.6 +0.8 9 Data from 2010 Japan Cool pavement technical research council#10Cool pavement application statistics in Japan 500,000 400,000 Single year 300,000 200,000 100,000 单年度 - 累計 543,815 171,895 1,000,000 818,034 800,000 274,219 Accumlated 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 0 2002 03 04 05 06 07 08 2009 Data from 2010 Japan Cool pavement technical research council 10 JAPAN PAINT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION JPMA JAPANA#11. Application area analysis in Japan (2003-2010 accumulated) 愛知県 福岡県 2% 2% Osaka 2% 静岡県 SAITAMA 2% 2% 佐賀県. 2% 沖縄県, 2% 宮城県 3% 岐阜県 3% CHIBA 3% 兵庫県| 6% 200 Kanagawa 9% Tokyo .52% Adjacent prefectures to Tokyo Data from 2010 Japan Cool pavement technical research council JAPAN PAINT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION JPMA#12Heat accumulation in Tokyo city from 6am~ 8pm in mid summer 25 24 33 30 32 29 B 6 AM 2 PM 8 PM 12#13Tem.drop distributions in central Tokyo Tem. drop 24wards area (620km²) 1 Green planting 2) Cool pavements 0.6-0.4-0.2 0 Core Area 16km²) Contribution % 0.20°C -0.24°C 45.5 31.2 -0.01°C -0.15°C 2.3 19.5 3) Cool roof paint -0.09°C -0.09°C 20.4 11.7 4) Cut Car Exhaust gas −0.08°C -0.15°C 18.2 19.5 5) Cut building Heat -0.06°C <-0.14°C 13.6 18.1 1) ~5) Total effects -0.46°C -0.78°C Simulation result after the total H-I countermeasures completion in 2040. Data from 2008 Tokyo pref. Environmental agency report#14千代田 中央 港 新宿 台東 品川 Residential building Business building 目黑 7 wards 0 200 400 600 800 1.000 1, 200 1,400 1,600 1,800 10000 Green plant applicable Building roof(estimated) 千代田 中央 港 新宿 台東 品川 Residential building Business building 目黑 7 wards 400 800 200 200 2,000 2,400 2,800 高 10000) Cool roof applicable Building roof(estimated) Data from 2008 Tokyo pref. Environmental agency report 14#15• CO2 Gas reduction (T/year) VS Two measures induction rate Spread rate Trial perio d 3% 10% 30% 50% Method (%) 0.04 0.11 Green 33.7 2, 395 7,983 23, 948 39, 913 planting Roof Cool roof paint 56.0 1,518 5,061 1,5184 25, 307 t/ year (-CO2) Data from 2008 Tokyo pref. Environmental agency report 13#16■ • Heat-island countermeasures in Osaka City Heat-island promotion plan :2004 proclaimed Goal 1 Decrease temperature at summer nights in the residential area. 30% cut of Hot-summer nights in the year of 2025 Over 50 days 35days ②Create Cool-spot on building roof space and decrease hot-summer daytime effective temperature Source data: presentation of Osaka pref. Earth environment section#17•Promotion of the countermeasures based on the regulations Related regulations for large enterprise and building: 2006 1) Cut the exhaust heat from the factories *submit planning and result report 2) A preventive measure for heat accumulation from the building submit planning report 3) Green planting for the building roof and its surroundings →submit planning report Source data: presentation of Osaka pref. Earth environment section#18Osaka H-I simulation results (2025 - 2010) 0.4 0.4 +0.1~0.2°c +0.1-0.3°C 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 [°C] 0.2 0.1 0.0 3pm [°C] 5am With out measure 0.3 0.0 -0.3-0.9°C -0.1~0.3°C 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 -0.6 -0.9 [°C] -0.2 -0.3 3pm [°C] Building energy cut -15% Exhaust heat cut from -10% Car & factory Green planting for Land +15% for Building roof +20% Cool roof +60% Cool pavement 1 +30% 5am Cool pavement 2 +20% (water penetration) After introduce mixed countermeasures 18 Source data: presentation of Osaka pref. Earth environment section