#1www IMO - the International Maritime Organization What it is, What it does, How it works IMO INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION#2IMO mission: safe, secure and efficient shipping on clean oceans IMO INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION#3IMO . Specialised UN agency Headquarters in UK since 1958 • Annual budget £30+ million • Secretariat – 265 staff, more than 50 nationalities 1 www#4Ten largest contributors to IMO in 2015. Assessed contributions based on flat base rate with additional components based on ability to pay and merchant fleet tonnage. Panama £5.22m 17.33% Liberia £3.00m 9.98% Marshall Is. £2.41m 7.17% Singapore £1.83m 6.06% Bahamas £1.31m 4.35% UK £1.30m 4.29% Malta £1.29m 4.27% China ₤1.20m 3.98% Hong Kong, China ₤1.04m 3.46% Greece ₤1.01m 3.38% 4 INTERNATIONAL IM③NTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION#5IMO - global coverage 171 Member States, three associate members IGOS and NGOs participate as observers 1.#6Global standards • International industry needs universally applied standards IMO - Highest practical standards applied to all vessels No advantage through cutting corners or unilateral higher standards Higher standards may be applied to own vessels Implementation is key COLOR FESTIVAL OSLO 13 6 WORLD IMMERPATIONAL INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION#7Assembly 171 Member Governments IMO Structure Council 40 Member Governments 5 Committees Facilitation Committee Technical Cooperation Committee Legal Committee 7 Sub-Committees SOLAS Maritime Safety Committee IM Marine Environment MARPOL Protection Committee IM SHIP DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION (SDC) SHIP SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT (SSE) HUMAN ELEMENT, TRAINING AND WATCHKEEPING (HTW) NAVIGATION, COMMUNICATION AND SEARCH AND RESCUE (NCSR) CARRIAGE OF CARGOES AND CONTAINERS (CCC) IMPLEMENTATION OF IMO INSTRUMENTS (III) POLLUTION PREVENTION AND RESPONSE (PPR)#8Progress of measures at IMO Casualty/ Review/ Technology Discuss, Proposal to IMO Draft agree to refer on Adoption or text approval Proposals for new, or amendments to existing, mandatory instruments - a compelling need for such amendments should be demonstrated by the proponent(s), and an analysis of the implications of such amendments, particularly those with far-reaching implications and consequential proposals for other amendments, having regard to the costs to the maritime industry, the legislative and administrative burdens involved and benefits which would accrue therefrom, should be provided...... 8 IM③NTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION#9Application to real ships SOLAS Load Lines • MARPOL I/II MARPOL VI • COLREG STCW 162 Parties 161 Parties 154 Parties 87 Parties 156 Parties 160 Parties 98.74% world tonnage 98.72% world tonnage 98.73% world tonnage 95.69% world tonnage 98.72% world tonnage 98.77% world tonnage 9 INTERNATIONAL IM③NTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION#10IMO instruments • Some 50 IMO Conventions and Protocols Hundreds of codes, guidelines and recommendations Almost every aspect of shipping covered: Design ■ Construction Equipment ■ Maintenance ■ Crew 10 INTERNATIONAL IM③NTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION#11Implementation - whose role? . Flag States on own ship classification societies mandatory audit scheme - audits every 7 years • Port State Control 1 • IMO – no "policing" mandate 11 IMPERATION INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION#12IMO Technical co-operation • Needs assessment • Donors – expertise, training - World Maritime University • IMLI 843 WMU, Sweden - IMLI graduation 2016 - Malta#13SOLAS first adopted in 1914 after Titanic - much has changed Surviving disaster - The Titanic and SOLAS In 1914, two years after the Titanic disaster of 1912, in which 1,503 people lost their lives, maritime nations gathered in London adopted the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS Convention), taking into account lessons learned from the Titanic. The 1914 version was superseded by SOLAS 1929, SOLAS 1948, SOLAS 1960 (the first adopted under the auspices of the International Maritime Organization) and SOLAS 1974. SOLAS 1974 is still in force today, but it has been amended and updated many times. The regulations relating to life saving appliances and arrangements, contained in chapter III of SOLAS, a new version of which entered into force on 1 July 1998, are intended to ensure that in the event of a catastrophe at sea, passengers and crew have the greatest chances of survival. Improved design and equipment, better fire protection, satellite communications, rescue planes and helicopters and trained personnel also contribute to improved safety at sea. Marconi radio wires Distress alert The Titanic used radio which had a limited range of 200 nautical miles Ships can now communicate globally via satellites. Inmarsat satellite Ice patrol In the first SOLAS 1914, after the Titanic disaster, ice patrols in the north Atlantic were set up and continue to be a SOLAS requirement Speed of navigation around ice The Commission into the Titanic ruled the loss was due to collision with an iceberg brought about by excessive speed at which she was being navigated. Under SOLAS, when ice is reported on or near his course the master of every ship at night is bound to proceed at a moderate speed or alter course. Helicopters and rescue planes Unavailable in 1912, helicopters and rescue planes are now used to locate, search for and rescue survivors. IMO Lifeboat drill No lifeboat drill was held on the Titanic. Under SOLAS chapter III an 'abandon ship' and fire drill must take place weekly on all passenger ships. Evacuation chutes Passengers on the Titanic jumped from windows and doorways into the lifeboats as they were lowered, often injuring themselves or other passengers New emergency evacuation chutes are both safer and quicker. Public address system There was no public address system on the Titanic and news filtered to the passengers slowly, adding to the disorder and confusion. Under SOLAS, all passenger ships must be fitted with a public address system. Lifeboat design Some people died from hypothermia in the Titanic lifeboats because they were open and gave no protection against the cold Under SOLAS, lifeboats must be fully or partially enclosed. On passenger ships, partially enclosed lifeboats can be used as they are easier to get into, but they must have a collapsible roof to fold across Training of crew in lifeboat drill The crew of the Titanic lacked training in loading and lowering the lifeboats and few knew which boat they were assigned to. Lifeboats were not filled to capacity because senior officers did not know the boats had been tested and were strong enough Under SOLAS, every crew member must participate in regular practise drills and have easy access to training manuals. Number of lifeboats The Titanic did not have enough lifeboats for all passengers Under SOLAS, passenger ships must carry enough lifeboats (some of which can be substituted by liferafts) for all passengers, plus liferafts for 25%. Immersion suits The sea temperature when the Titanic sank was below freezing point and many people died in the water from hypothermia. Under SOLAS, a specific number of immersion suits must be carried on both passenger and cargo ships, mainly for the crews of rescue boats Location The land station at Cape Race, Newfoundland and ships other than the Carpathia and the Californian heard the Titanic distress call but the airwaves were crackling and the Titanic's position was misinterpreted. With EPIRBS and global positioning systems, the position of a ship in distress can be automically sent The Carpathia Received distress call at 12.25am Travelled 58 miles and picked up first lifeboat at 4.10am The Titanic Hit iceberg at 11.40pm and sank at 2.20am Radio waves The Californian Stopped because of the ice less than 20 miles from the Titanic. Did not approach until after 6.00am when the Carpathia was spotted. Arrived at 7.30am-too late to rescue any survivors Cospas sarsat satellite Distress watch The Californian was less than 20 miles away but the radio officer had gone off duty when the distress messages were sent Under SOLAS, every ship while at sea must maintain a continuous watch on the distress and safety frequencies GRAPHIC: LIZ GOULD#14Passenger ship regulations today GOLDEN PRINCESS P&O GOLDEN PRINCESS Pic Malta Maritime Authority#15Current issues . E-navigation – strategy implementation plan continues in NCSR • GMDSS - review completed, modernization plan under development Security - cyber security – interim guidelines approved - - Lifeboat and launching systems – new standards for maintenance, repair, testing adopted; 1 Jan 2020 in force Facilitation - revised convention annex encourages "single window" concept Security and maritime crime - strong focus on implementation and capacity building; active on several fronts (eg Djibouti and Yaounde Codes of Conduct) ○ Maritime security as enabler for sustainable maritime development 15 IMMERPATIONAL INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION#16Piracy Piracy off Somalia has declined thanks to building of capacity to address the problem, best management practices, naval patrols. (Djibouti Code of Conduct) Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea - capacity building is underway in the region (Code of Conduct concerning the repression of piracy, armed robbery against ships, and illicit maritime activity in west and central Africa) South-east Asia - The Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia (ReCAAP). 16 Cape Verde The Gambia Guinea-Bissau Sierra Leone Liberia SENEGAL GUINE BISSAU Morocco Tunisia Cyprus Algeria Libya Western Sahara Mauritania Mali Niger Senegal Chad Burkina Faso Diibouti Guinea Ghana Nigeria Côte d'Ivoire Central African Ethiopia Cameroon Republic Togo Benin Uganda Equatorial Gabon Congo Guinea DR Congo São Tomé and Principe Rwanda Burundi Malawi Comoros Angola Zambia Africa Zimbabwmbique Madagascar Botswana Namibia Swaziland South->> Lesotho ited Arab Afghanista ☑ Seychelles Maldives Mauritius Reunion (France) CHAD SUDA MAURITANIA MALI NIGER Timbuktu Timia e Mopti Agadez Tabelot Tiquidit Djenne Dogon Country BURKINA Ouagadougou FASO Bobo Dioulasso Tiebele Niamey Park W N'Djamena B Waza Moroua GHANA NIGERIA LIBERIA Yamoussoukro IVORY COAST Takoradi N Cotonou Lome Accra CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CAMEROON Douala GUINEA SIERRA LEONE ATLANTIC OCEAN Ozanga-Sangha PRINCIPE SAO TOME Libreville Ivindo Lope GABON CONGO Brazzaville ANGOLA DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO IMMERDONAL INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION#17Unsafe mixed migration by sea People on unsafe vessels - significant humanitarian problem which also places burdens on coastal states and ship owners • More than 1,000,000 people crossed the Mediterranean in 2015, against 218,000 in 2014, with more than 3,760 deaths in 2015. To mid-Sept 2016: 280,000 arrivals, 3,212 deaths http://missingmigrants.iom.int/ for updates on latest figures 17 RESCUE AT SEA A GUIDE TO PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE AS APPLIED TO REFUGEES AND MIGRANTS#18Prevention of Pollution from Ships • MARPOL Annex I, II, III, IV, V, VI (newest) ● . Preventing operational and accidental pollution Response and preparedness OPRC, OPRC-HNS Liability and compensation treaties Anti-fouling systems • London Protocol - wastes • Ballast Water Management Special Areas Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas 18#19MARPOL Annex VI – air pollution and energy efficiency . . - Air pollution requirements adopted 1997, revised in 2008 SOX Current global cap 3.5% • decision on 0.5% global cap date due Oct 2016 based on availability review - 2020 or 2025 Limits in ECAs 0.1% from 1 Jan 2015 • NOx Tier III emission limit now in force on ships constructed on or after 1 Jan 2016 in North America/Caribbean ECAS • Will apply to ships constructed on or after date of adoption for future ECAS 19 IM INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION#20MARPOL Annex VI - energy efficiency • EEDI and SEEMP adopted 2011, mandatory since 2013 • 2025 newbuilds - 30% more efficient than 2014 • More than 1600 new ships already certified . Challenge not just for IMO o ship designers o marine engineers o ship operators and managers Projects: seafarers o educators IMO-European Union Project on Capacity Building for Climate Change Mitigation in the Maritime Shipping Sector – establishment of Maritime Technology Cooperation Centres (MTCCs) GloMEEP Global maritime energy efficiency partnerships#21Carbon footprint? 600 CO2 (grams per ton-kilometre) 500 400 300 200 000 heavy truck with trailer cargo vessel 2,000-8,000 100 dwt cargo vessel over 8,000 dwt 50 0 21 15 air freight 747-400 1,200 km flight 540 Comparison of CO2 emissions by different transport modes Source: NTM (Swedish Network for Transport and the Environment)#22Ballast water – tackling invasive aquatic species - • International Convention on Ballast Water Management will enter into force on 8 September 2017 • Time scale for application - 1st 5-year survey after EIF . • More than 60 type approved systems (existing guidelines) Type approval guidelines being reviewed and revised but no penalty for early adopters © NO SMOKING VIETATO FUMARE 22 IMODERATION INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION#23Ship recycling ⚫ Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships, 2009 • Environmentally friendly disposal of old ships: • Most components and materials re-used • But: safety issues for workers - hazardous materials Inter-agency co-operation ILO, Basel Convention IMO 23 INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION#24Awareness days . Day of the Seafarer – 25 June - "At Sea For All" Interactive Quiz! • World Maritime Day - 29 September "Shipping: Indispensable to the World" IM WORLD MARITIME DAY 2016 SHIPPING INDISPENSABLE TO THE WORLD NIST MAAP 1 ADULT F.M.A. 13FEJACKET OS 24 DAY OF THE SEAFARER 25 JUNE INTERNATIONAL IMODERATION MARITIME ORGANIZATION#25Ship losses over the years - declining • 1966 to 1985: more than 300 ships lost annually. • 1990: under 200; 2000: 167 lost. • 85 ships lost worldwide in 2015, down 3% year-on-year, according to Allianz Safety & Shipping Review 2016. Total Losses by Year a declining trend 200 171 154 149 150 129 125 95 100 Shipping losses declined by 3% compared with 2014. They have declined by 45% over the past decade. 123 112 88 85 50 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Source: Lloyd's List Intelligence Casualty Statistics. Data Analysis & Graphic: Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty#26Number of Spills Statistics oil spills declined 55 35 1970-79: 24.5 spills per year on average 30 25 20 15 10 5 1980-89: 9.4 spills per year on average 1990-99: 7.7 spills per year on average ITOPE 2000-09: 3.2 spills per year on average 2010-15: 1.8 spills per year on average 1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015#27Shipping impacts us all • More than 80% of world trade Underpins global economy carried by sea • Raw materials and commodities Finished goods Foodstuffs Fuel Safe, secure and environmentally friendly transport system ????????? DIVISION 27 K ACTPA IM③NETRATIONAL INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION#28Rising trade Seaborne trade by type of cargo Milliions of tonnes loaded 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Oil and gas ■Five major bulks Other dry cargo Figure 5 - Seaborne Trade by Type of Cargo (UNCTAD, 2016d) Review of Maritime Transport 2015 (UNCTAD/RM/2015) Container IMO INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION#29Ships of the future? Battery-power/hybrid? Unmanned vessels? LAMAL PEACE Ecoship BOAT Project 2016-Wärtsilä Ship Design Norway - All rights reserved WÄRTSILA 閲 becker marine systems LNG Power Pac With the support of Bundesministerium für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur International Windship Assocaition Becker Marine systems#30Find out more - www.imo.org IMO INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION About IMO Media Centre Our Work Publications Knowledge Centre Top Stories OPORT D'ABIDJAN www Hot Topics What's New Polar Code Search this site English Français Español 0 Security Council statement highlights IMO capacity-building work in Gulf of Guinea IMO Secretary-General welcomes Presidential Statement which encourages States in the region and regional organizations to enhance cooperation on maritime safety and security. more... SOLAS container mass verification requirements Saint Lucia accedes to key marine environment protection treaties 26/05/2016 Saint Lucia has acceded to four IMO treaties, including important conventions covering ballast water management (BWM Convention) and emissions from ship exhausts and energy efficiency (MARPOL Annex VI). Mr. Tafawa Williams, Alternate Permanent Representative of Saint Lucia to IMO, met IMO's Frederick Kenney, Director, Legal Affairs and External Relations Division, to Secretary-General 4#31Any questions? Email [email protected] International Maritime Organization 4 Albert Embankment London SE1 7SR United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)20 7735 7611 Fax: +44 (0)20 7587 3210 Email: [email protected] www.imo.org t f You Tube fr twitter.com/imohq facebook.com/imohq youtube.com/imohq flickr.com/photos/ imo-un/collections IMMERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION