#1GEO DESIGN Brazil Presentation 3 GEO DESIGN Presented by Ana Flavia Rocha Leticia Carvalho 1 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#2Brazil's Geography Colombia Ecuador Peru Ana Flavia Brandao Rocha 07/2015 GENI (Global Energy Network Institute) Suriname Venezuela Guyana French Guiana W E Bolivia Paraguay Chile Brazil Argentina 0 250 500 1,000 Miles Uruguay Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Albus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Commurity The biggest watershed in the world is located in Amazon Rainforest area GEO DESIGN 2 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#3Surface Area Comparison United States (million sq km) Around 9.8 Brazil (million sq km) Around 9.5 Gatemala Cube PR Caribbean Sea Nicarague Venezuela Colombia Guyers Suriname RR AP Ecuador NT Canada AB BC Source: World Bank Data MB Hudson Bay RN ON QC AM MA CE PA PE PI AC Brasil PE WA ND MT RO Brazil TO MN NB AL Perú MT BA SE SD W VT ME OR ID MI GO WY NY NH Bolivia IA NE MG NV UT IL IN OH PA MA CT CO KS MS MO wv RI KY ES CA VA Paraguay SP PR OK AR TN DE NJ NO RJ AZ NM MD Chile SC MS AL SC TX GA RS Nor Atlan Ungua Gulf of California Oce Argentina Gulf of Maxico México th Pacific Ocean PR Guatemala Caribbean Sea Venezu Source: mapfrappe.blogspot.combi United States is the third biggest country in the world and Brazil is the fifth GEO DESIGN 3 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#4Demographics NORTE Manaus NORDESTE W Natal Recife Population Salvador ⚫CENTRO-OESTE Brasília SUDESTE Belo Horizonte • › 15,000 > 50,000 > 100,000 > 200,000 > 500,000 > 1,000,000 > 2,000,000 > 5,000,000 Population Density Rio de Janeiro (hab/km²) São Paulo Curitiba SUL 0 250 500 1,000 Kilometers L Data Source: IBGE Source: Ana Flavia Brandao Rocha Global Energy Network Institute (GENI) - 06/2015 Porto Alegre > 2 > 5 > 10 > 25 > 50 >100 >150 The majority of the population is located in the Southeast of the country GEO DESIGN 4 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#5250 200 150 100 50 Population Growth 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2015 2020 2040 2060 Source: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) - 2013 By the year of 2050 the Brazilian population will exceed 250 million people. In 2014, the population growth rate was 0.86% GEO DESIGN 5 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#6Electricity Generation (TWh) 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 Electricity Net Generation Top 10 Countries in Electricity Generation 0 China United States India Russia Japan Canada Germany Brazil France Korea, South Source: EIA (Energy Information Administration) Brazil ranks eighth in total electricity generation at 538 TWh GEO DESIGN 6 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#7Electricity Consumption per Region Energy Consumption: 29.05 TWh Per Capita Consumption: 1.78 MWh/year Average Consumption: 565 kWh/month Energy Consumption: 30.72 TWh Per Capita Consumption: 2.12 MWh/year Average Consumption: 460.8 kWh/month Norte Energy Consumption: 75.61 TWh Per Capita Consumption: 1.4 MWh/year Average Consumption: 332.1 kWh/month Nordeste Centro Oeste Sudeste Energy Consumption: 235.24 TWh Per Capita Consumption: 2.87 MWh/year Average Consumption: 600.5 kWh/month Energy Consumption: 77.5 TWh Per Capita Consumption: 2.78 MWh/year Average Consumption: 591.5 kWh/month Sul Source: EPE (Empresa de Pesquisa Energética) - 2012 GEO DESIGN 7 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#8Power Grid Consumption (TWh) Average Consumption (kWh/month) 700 600 500 400 300 200 250 200 150 100 50 Electricity Consumption per Region Energy Consumption Per Capita Consumption 0 Sul Sudeste Centro-oeste Regions Norte Nordeste Average Consumption Per Capita Consumption (MWh/year) 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Sul Sudeste Centro-oeste Norte Regions Nordeste Southeast Brazil is the highest consumer of electricity in the country 100 0 Sul Sudeste Centro-oeste Norte Nordeste Regions Source: Source: EPE (Empresa de Pesquisa Energética) - 2012 GEO DESIGN 8 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#9Ecuador Transmission Lines Substations = Exist Guyana Venezuela Suriname French Guiana = Planned Colombia Peru Bolivia Transmission Lines 138 KV 138 KV c 230 KV 230 KV C 345 KV Brazil 345 KV C 440 KV 500 KV 500 KV c W E GEO DESIGN Chile Paraguay Argentina Uruguay 0 250 500 1,000 Miles 750 KV 750 KV C South America Mercosul Data Source: ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica) - Brazil Ana Flavia Brandao Rocha 07/2015 - GENI (Global Energy Network Institute) Interconnected National Transmission Network Associate Mercosul 9 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#10Sources of Electricity in Brazil Sources of Electricity 70.0% 63.2% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 13.7% 7.6% 5.4% 10.0% 2.6% 3.1% 2.1% 2.3% 0.0% Hydro Natural Gas Biomass Oil Derivatives Nuclear Coal Wind Others Source: ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica) Most of the energy in Brazil is produced by Hydro, making the energy matrix vulnerable because of dependence on rainfall. GEO DESIGN 10 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#11ELECTRIC GENERATION CAPACITY (GW) Electric Generation Capacity 200.0 180.0 160.0 140.0 120.0 Hydroeletrical Generation Center Wind Generation Center 27.3% 25.6% Small Hydroeletric Center 28.4% Photovoltaic Generation Center 100.0 Hydro Power Plant 80.0 Thermal Powerplant 56.3% 60.0 63.0% Nuclear Power Plant 61.8% 40.0 20.0 0.0 In Operation 137.7 GW In Construction Construction has not started yet 159.3 GW 178.3 GW Projected dependence on hydro will decrease because of a more diversified energy portfolio Source: ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica) - 2015 GEO DESIGN 11 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#12Hydropower GEO DESIGN Source: eoi (escuela de organizacion industrial) 12 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#13Hydroelectricity Generation (billion kWh) GEO DESIGN Hydroelectricity Generation 900 800 700 Top 10 Hydropower Countries 600 500 400 300 200 100 China Brazil Canada United States Russia Norway India Brazil is the second largest producer of hydroelectricity at 411 TWh per year Venezuela Sweden Japan Source: EIA (Energy Information Administration) 13 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#14COLOMBIA PERU Hydropower Potential VENEZUELA SURNAME MANA ARANCES Boa Vista GUIANA Manaus Macapá Belem São Luis Fortaleza Porto Velho Rio Branco Palmas BOLIVIA Hydropower Potential (MW) 10 to 500 Cuiabá PARAGUA 501 to 1,000 1,001 to 5,000 5,001 to 15,000 More than 15,000 Campo Grande Brasilia Goiania Teresina Belo Horizonte Vitória o Paulo Rio de Janeiro Curitiba Florianópolis Porto Alegre Natal João Pessoa Recife Maceió Aracaju Salvador Source: ANNEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Watershed Boundaries Elétrica) 500 1000 Km The most promising area for hydropower production is in northern Brazil. GEO DESIGN 14 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#15COLOMBIA Installed Capacity VENEZUELA SURINAME RANCES Boa Vista GUIANA 30 Rio Branco Porto Velho Manaus PENU Installed Capacity for each sub-watershed (MW) Less than 200 Cuiabá PARAGUA 201 to 1,000 1,001 to 5,000 5,001 to 10,000 Campo Grande Масара Belém São Luis Fortaleza Palmas Brasilia Goiânia Teresina Belo Horizonte Vitória São Paulo Rio de Janeiro Curitiba Florianópolis Porto Alegre Natal João Pessoa Recife Maceió Aracaju Salvador Source: ANNEL (Agência Nacional de 500 1000 Km Energia Elétrica) Watershed Boundaries Most of the hydropower development has been near to the major population centers GEO DESIGN 15 GENIE Global Engery Network Institute#16Hydropower Plants COLOMBIA VENEZUELA PERU Boa Vista GUIANA Rio Branco Porto Velho 0 Manaus SURINAME GUIANA FRANCESA Macapá Belem São Luis Fortaleza Palmas Cuiabáo Brasilia BOLIVIA Goiânia Belo Horizonte Capacity (KW) Campo Grande PARAGUAI 12 to 26 26 to 902 902 to 2082 2082 to 3444 IGENTINA 3444 to 8125 Watershed URUGUAI Teresina Vitória Rio de Janeiro São Paulo Curitiba Florianópolis Porto Alegre Natal João Pessoa Recife Maceió Aracaju Salvador 500 1000 Km Source: ANNEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica) GEO DESIGN Boundaries Southeastern Brazil has the most Hydropower Plants 16 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#17Hydropower Plants Operating Kind Quantity Capacity (MW) Hydroeletrical Generation Center 507.00 341.72 Small Hydroeletric Center 476.00 4,807.37 Hydro Power Plant 199.00 85,073.22 94.3% In Construction Kind Quantity Capacity (MW) Hydroeletrical Generation Center 1.00 0.85 Small Hydroeletric Center 36.00 424.52 Hydro Power Plant 11.00 15.269.14 Construction Have not Started Kind Quantity Hydroeletrical Generation Center 42.00 129.00 4.00 Small Hydroeletric Center Hydro Power Plant HGC: Installed capacity less than 1 MW SHC: Installed capacity between 1 and 30 MW HPP: Installed capacity higher than 30 MW GEO DESIGN • Capacity (MW) 28.15 1,825.55 447.00 Hydro Power Plants generate most of the power in Brazil. Source: ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica - 2015 17 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#18Wind Energy GEO DESIGN Source: Ambiental Energia 18 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#19Ecuador Peru Wind Energy Potential Venezuela Guyana French Guiana Suriname Colombia Bolivia Paraguay Chile Argentina Brazil Wind Speed m/s 2 to 5 5 to 6 6 to 7 7 to 8 8 to 9 0 125 250 500 Miles W S -E Uruguay The wind energy potential in Brazil is around 140 GW GEO DESIGN Data Source: CEPEL (Electric Energy Research Center/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) and ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica) Ana Flavia Brandao Rocha 07/2015 GENI (Global Energy Network Institute) Source: Ministério de Minas e Enegia 19 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#20Ecuador Peru Wind Farms in Brazil Venezuela Guyana French Guiana Suriname Colombia Bolivia Paraguay Chile Argentina Brazil 0 125 250 500 Miles Wind Farms Capacity (MW) 3.0 3.1 to 10.0 10.1 to 25.0 25.1 to 75.0 75.1 to 100.0 Wind Speed m/s 2 to 5 5 to 6 6 to 7 7 to 8 8 to 9 W E Uruguay Data Source: CEPEL (Electric Energy Research Center/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) and ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica) Ana Flavia Brandao Rocha 07/2015 GENI (Global Energy Network Institute) There are 264 wind generation centers in operation that can potentially produce 6.45 GW of energy Source: ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica) GEO DESIGN 20 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#21Constructing and Planned Wind Farms Colombia Venezuela Guyana Suriname French Guiana Substations Exist Planned Transmission Line Transmission Line planned Wind Farms Const. Capacity (MW) Less than 3.0 3.1 to 10.10 Chile W E Bolivia Argentina Paraguay Uruguay 10.1 to 25.0 Brazil 25.1 to 35.0 Wind Farms Planned Capacity (MW) 3.0 3.1 to 10.0 10.1 to 25.0 25.1 to 100.0 Wind Speed m/s 2 to 5 0 125 250 500 Miles 5 to 6 Data Source: CEPEL (Electric Energy Research Center/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) and ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica) 6 to 7 7 to 8 8 to 9 Ana Flavia Brandao Rocha 07/2015 GENI (Global Energy Network Institute) There are 115 wind generation centers in construction resulting in 2.83 GW of energy. Also, there are 331 potential wind generation centers that can produce up to 7.79 GW of wind energy. Source: ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica) GEO DESIGN 21 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#22Number of Facilities 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 O Wind Generation in Brazil Number of Wind Generation Centers In Operation In Construction Construction have not started Capacity of Wind Generation Centers (GW) Capacity of Wind Generation Centers 8 ch00 MNO In Operation In Construction Construction have not started There will be a total of 710 wind farms with a generation capacity of 17.07 GW. GEO DESIGN Source: ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica) - 2015 22 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#23Solar Energy GEO DESIGN 23 GENIE Global Engery Network Institute#24Global horizontal solar radiation in kWh/m2/day 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 January Febuary March April Solar Energy Potential of the Southern Region Solar Potential of the South of Brazil May June Agost July Octobere September November December Paraná Rio Grande do Sul Santa Catarina Month Potential in the Southern Region changes more than any other. Source: INPE (National Institute for Spatial Research) and LABSOLAR (Laboratory of Solar Energy/Federal University of Santa Catarina) GEO DESIGN 26 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#257.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 Global horizontal solar radiation in kWh/m2/day 2.0 1.0 0.0- January Febuary March Solar Energy Potential of Southeastern Region Solar Potential of the Southeast of Brazil April May June Month July Agost Octobere September November December Espírito Santo Minas Gerais Rio de Janeiro São Paulo Minas Gerais has the highest solar potential in this area Source: INPE (National Institute for Spatial Research) and LABSOLAR (Laboratory of Solar Energy/Federal University of Santa Catarina) GEO DESIGN 27 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#267.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 Global horizontal solar radiation in kWh/m2/day Solar Energy Potential of Center Region Solar Potential of the West Center of Brazil March January Febuary April May June Month July Agost September November Octobere December Distrito Federal Goiás Mato Grosso Mato Grosso do Sul Distrito Federal has the highest solar potential in this area Source: INPE (National Institute for Spatial Research) and LABSOLAR (Laboratory of Solar Energy/Federal University of Santa Catarina) GEO DESIGN 27 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#27Global horizontal solar radiation in kWh/m2/day 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 Solar Energy Potential of Northeastern Region Solar Potential of the Northeast of Brazil January Febuary March April May June Month July Agost September November December Octobere Alagoas Bahia Ceará Maranhão Paraíba Pernambuco Piauí Rio Grande do Norte Sergipe Ceara has the highest solar potential in this area Source: INPE (National Institute for Spatial Research) and LABSOLAR (Laboratory of Solar Energy/Federal University of Santa Catarina) GEO DESIGN 28 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#28Global horizontal solar radiation in kWh/m2/day 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 Solar Energy Potential of Northern Region Solar Potential of the North of Brazil March January Febuary April May June Month Agost July Octobere November December September Tocantins Acre Amapá Amazonas Rondônia Roraima Pará Tocantins has the highest solar potential in this area Source: INPE (National Institute for Spatial Research) and LABSOLAR (Laboratory of Solar Energy/Federal University of Santa Catarina) GEO DESIGN 28 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#29Colombia Peru Venezuela Solar Farms in Brazil Suriname French Guiana Brazil Substations == Exist Planned Transmission Line Transmission Line planned Solar Farms Capacity (MW) 0.4 0.5 to 2.0 2.1 to 5.0 Solar Farms Planned Capacity (MW) 5 Bolivia Paraguay Chile Argentina 5.1 to 8.0 8.1 to 25.0 25.1 to 30.0 Solar Potential kWh/m2/day 3.1 to 3.5 3.6 to 4.0 4.1 to 4.5 4.6 to 5.0 5.1 to 5.5 5.6 to 6.0 Uruguay Brazil has a high solar energy potential however, there are only a few solar farms in operation, producing 11.2 MW. GEO DESIGN 29 GENI Global Engery Network Institute#30Number of Facilities 40 40 30 20 10 Photovoltaic Generation Centers Number of Photovoltaic Generation Centers In Operation In Construction Construction has not started Capacity of Photovoltaic Generation Centers (MW) Capacity of Photovoltaic Generation Centers 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 In Operation In Construction Construction has not started There will be a total of 61 solar farms with a generation capacity of 1.06 GW. GEO DESIGN Source: ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica)- 2015 30 GENI Global Engery Network Institute