#1FIAT PANIS Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations The Upgrading of Traditional Marine Resource Management in Maluku and Papua: Processes, Outputs and Outcomes Morvel THES Dedi S Adhuri ([email protected]) Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cliff Marlessy, Indonesian Locally Manage Area Networks (ILLMA) INDONESIA Co-organized with the Republic of Korea's Ministry of Ocean in Fisheries October 2, 2018#2Star Outline 1. Introduction ILMMA and their works The traditional Marine Resource Management in Maluku and Papua 2. The Upgrading works of ILMMA in Maluku and Papua: - The approach and processes - The Outputs - The outcomes 3. Concluding Remarks#3The Indonesia Locally Managed Marine Area Foundation (ILMMA) WHERE WE WORK LMMA INDONESIA Banda Islands Conservation & Fisheries Management Environmental Education 23 Conservation& Fisheries Management 6 memal Kei Islands 3 Corservation & Fisheries Management 1 Environmental Education Tanah Merah Bay 9 Conservation Fisheries Management & Envirnemental Education is an Indonesian non-governmental organization Founded in 2006 working to conserve marine ecosystems in Eastern Indonesia (Maluku and Pa pua). MIX Network Is part of global LMMA (The Locally-Managed Marine Area Network) is a group of practitioners in volved in various community-based marine conservation projects around the globe, primarily in the Indo-Pacific#4Approach Participatory, takes the form more as assisting communities to codify their traditional concept and practices on coastal/marine resource management Live in with the community, this facilitates exchange of knowledge and skill between communities with ILLMA staffs and 'upgrade' the management beyond tradition Combine between livelihoods development and resource management Recruit community to spread the LLMA into other communities Network establishment among LLMA communities, facilitates the continu ation of relation not only between community with ILLMA staffs but also between communities practicing LMMA Connecting communities to higher government (beyond village government)#5& PAPUA MALUKU PROVINCE Land area Water 46,914 km² : 658,295 km² Number of households: 349.281 Number of population : 1.744.654 PAPUA PROVINCE • • • Total area 319,036 km² Number of households: 745 393 Number of population: 3.265.202 MALUKU#6Traditional Marine Resource Management OHOIMAS BAER RUMADAN WARWAHAN DULLAH LAUT ISLAND SUA UBUR RUMADAN WAROHOI 10 ADRANAN DULLAH ISLAND PETUANAN LAUT (SEA ESTATE) In Maluku and Papua every plot of I and and coastal waters are subjects of communal ownership. Exclusive ownership and use of the territory and resources#7For management purpose, in Kei Isl ands, people divid ed their communal land and sea into several zones. TRADITIONAL LAND-USE & TENURIAL SYSTEM KEI ISLAND, SOUTHEAST MALUKU WARAIN VAVEON (Primary Forest) MEON WARAIN (Sanctuary) (Secondary Convertion EX= Forest) KAIT (Buffer Zone) ■ Hardwood ■ Hardwood ROK (Shifting Cultivation Field) OHOIMURIN (Permanent Cultivation OHOI The Sea Field) (Vilage ■ Sandelwood ■ Sandelwood ■ Soft wood ■ Rattan ■ Food Crops ■ Rattan ◉ Rattan, Bamboos Housing Area) ■ Wild Species ■ Medicinal Plants Sago ■ Fruits & Vegs Cash Crops ■ Fruits & Vegs ■ Herbs ■ Herbs ■ Sacret Sites ■ Hunting Area ■ Hunting Area Fish Ponds ■ Husbandry#8⚫ boat parking beach ⚫ shells & bait collecting area mooring beach ⚫ bait fishing ⚫ mariculture ⚫ docking (seaweeds, pier floating cages, pearl cultivation, RUHAN MET SOIN etc) MET TRADITIONAL SEA-USE & ZONING SYSTEM KEI ISLAND, SOUTHEAST MALUKU demersal fishing corals & shells sanctuary ⚫ artifisial reefs plot HANGAR SOIN demersal & small pelagic fishing ⚫ corals & shells sanctuary NUHAN SOIN ESTIMATED DISTANCE FROM THE SHORE LINE (meter) 0-10 10-50 50-500 highest spring tide level ESTIMATED ISODEPTH (meter) 0 lowest spring tide level 2-5 pelagic fishing . uplifted & floating fishing big pelagic fishing shark hunting hand-line FARUAN trwaling 500-12,000 WELWUL WAHDAAN WALAAR TAHIT NI WEAR 12,000 > 10-20 30-40 40-100 100>#9System of beliefs, rules and rituals pertaining to temporal prohibition s on use of a particular resource or territory Main elements of Sasi: 1). object of sasi, 2). ritual of opening and closing, 3). the committee that i mplement the sasi. Photo by: Florence Niken SASI 200#10Tanimber Peraturan O 2008 Nomor 11 ch The Outputs (Community Based Coastal Management) MEOS NUSI PETA KAWASAN TANGKAP TRADISIONAL UPGRADED Scope of the regulation has been expanded, these include: ☐ mangrove and coral reef protection, ☐ modification of 'sasi' into combination of permanent no-take zone and temporal clos ure ☐ Entry fee and sanctions increased ☐ Formal support from village government Regular monitoring of the resource status Formalization of the management through village regulation: Community gets formal aut horities to implement their own regulations gor Ka 1 Tahun 2 2008 街 الم أبد#11Conservation Area Meos Mangguandi Island, Biak, Papua Bosen Lamun Pasir Terumbu karang Garis Pantal Batas Luar Pulau#122003 Karui Mansorom ...upscaling CBCM at villages level.. Meos Mangguandi Island, Biak, Papua 2005 Karui Mansorom Tanjung Wambrau Ramndi Sasi Gereja keliling pu lau 2004 Karui Mansorom Tanjung Wambrau 2006 Karui Mansorom Tanjung Wambrau Ramndi Yar-Yar Sasi Gereja keliling pu Hau#13# of villages 250 200 150 100 50 0 Outreach 1 3 5 UT ■Fishery Management in place ILMMA SITES GROWTH 2002 - 2017 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 7 7 7 9 6 18 18 23 25 32 103 195 1 3 5 11 17 21 25 59 121#14The Outcomes ARM Photo by: Conservation International Indonesia#15SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY BATAS DAERAH TANGKAPAN GARIS PANTAI MET/REF DARAT GARIS PANTAI TUBIR PASIR LAMUN KARANG CADAS TERUMBU KARANG DARAT Village income from access fees = 150-200 million IDR annually, This communal income is used for: ➤ Maintain and improve res ource management ➤ Scholarship for kids. ➤ Health cover for ill village rs Making patrol boat LICEN Scholarship for local children.#16SUSTAINABLE FOOD SUPPLY The Sea Cucumber Harvest 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 Dec 2005 Oct 2006 Apr 2007 Nov 2008 Source: Steenbergen 2013#17The Improvement of Coral Reef status in Meos Mangguandi Island, Biak, Papua 2000 Sangat Kurang Kurang KONDISI TERUMBU KARANG Sedang 2005 2010 Banyak Sangat Banyak#18SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT Marvel Revitalization and upgrade of community based coastal management in Kei Islands, Maluku, can potentially protect 2.106,64 Ha of mangrove, 10.2 43,79 Ha of seagrass and 22.502,05 Ha of coral reefs.#19CLOSING REMARKS 1. Local communities and traditional manage ment practices are not static 2. Adopting and upgrading local systems are possible 3. The importance of working beyond conventional project timeline. 3. The remain home works are: - Strengthening local practice Seeking for national legal support Linking the local/regional to national/inter national initiatives