#12024 Pennsylvania Climate Impacts Assessment and Climate Action Plan Presentation to Climate Change Advisory Committee Adam Agalloco Project Manager را ICF Martha Hart August 22, 2023 Deputy Project Manager#2Agenda 2 Confidential and Proprietary 1. Project Status & Schedule Update 2. Environmental Justice Approach 3. 2024 Climate Impacts Assessment (CIA) Review of Feedback & Incorporated Changes Updated Draft CIA Findings . Q&A and Discussion 4. 2024 Climate Action Plan . Initial Draft Findings & Model Results • • • Next Steps and Modeling Refinements Legislative Recommendations Process & Status Q&A and Discussion راد ICF#3Project Status & Schedule Update 3 Confidential and Proprietary Task Kickoff Climate Impact Assessment (CIA) Climate Action Plan (CAP) Climate Change Advisory Committee (CCAC) Coordination 2023 2024 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Initial Draft CIA O Updated Draft CIA Draft Final CIA Final CIA Initial Draft CAP O Updated Draft CAP Draft Final CAP Final CAP راد ICF#4Environmental Justice Approach How environmental justice is being addressed in both the Climate Impacts Assessment and Climate Action Plan 4 Confidential and Proprietary راد ICF#5Key Definitions- taken from DEP's Environmental Justice Policy 9/16/23 ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE The just treatment and meaningful involvement of all people, regardless of income, wealth, race, color, national origin, area of residence, Tribal affiliation, or disability, in agency decision-making and other activities that affect human health and the environment so that people: are fully protected from disproportionate and adverse human health and environmental effects (including risks) and hazards, including those related to climate change, the cumulative impacts of environmental and other burdens, and the legacy of racism or other structural or systemic barriers; and have equitable access to a healthy, sustainable, and resilient environment in which to live, play, work, learn, grow, worship, and engage in cultural and subsistence practices. It further involves the prevention of future environmental injustice and the redress of historic environmental injustice. ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AREA A geographic area characterized by increased pollution burden, and sensitive or vulnerable populations based on demographic and environmental data. Mapped in Penn EnviroScreen 5 Confidential and Proprietary راد ICF#6Where will you see environmental justice in this effort? CLIMATE IMPACT ASSESSMENT . Climate impacts are mapped across the state, with impacts to EJ areas specifically marked . . As part of discussion of spotlight issues including: Flooding & Air Quality Heat & Occupational Exposure Climate & Energy Resilience Equity implications beyond EJ areas are also discussed. CLIMATE ACTION PLAN . Implementation considerations for each strategy will include equity and concerns for environmental justice areas Analysis of energy rate impacts will pay particular attention to impacts in environmental justice areas As a theme of the chapter on broader implementation context and considerations for the CAP 6 Confidential and Proprietary 7 راد ICF#72024 Climate Impacts Assessment An opportunity to further enhance the risk-based approach to evaluating climate change impacts pioneered in the 2021 CIA. 7 Confidential and Proprietary راد ICF#8Updates Since Initial Draft Updated from the last draft • Chapter 2: Expected Climate Changes in PA o updated in response to CCAC comments ● Appendix D: Climate Analysis Details 8 Confidential and Proprietary *New* in this draft • Chapter 3: Risk Assessment Overview o Enhanced from the 2021 CIA ● Chapter 4: Spotlight Issues . Chapter 5: Economic Opportunities • ● Chapter 6: Conclusions and Recommendations Appendix A: Key Terms · Appendix B: Risk Assessment Methodology o Similar to 2021 CIA ● Appendix C: Risk Assessment Details o Similar to Chapter 4 of the 2021 CIA. Updated with most recent literature. راد ICF#9Key Findings • No significant change in overall climate change impacts or risk ratings. . Pennsylvania has the greatest vulnerability to increasing average temperatures and heavy precipitation and inland flooding. 9 Confidential and Proprietary Total Consequences Increasing Average Temperatures Heavy Precipitation and Inland Flooding Heat Waves Landslides Sea Level Rise Human health Recreation and tourism Built infrastructure Environmental justice and equity Energy and other economic activity Severe Tropical and Extra-Tropical Cyclones Agriculture Forests, ecosystems, and wildlife 2050 Risk Score (Likelihood x Consequence) Extreme High Medium Low راد ICF#1010 Key Findings • Heat waves will become increasingly common . and will create health and economic risks for vulnerable populations. • Climate change will not affect all Pennsylvanians equally due to differences in location, income, housing, health, or other factors. • All hazards-especially heat waves, increasing temperatures, and flooding-could affect public health negatively. Landslides and sea level rise pose relatively low risks statewide but can cause severe impacts in the locations where they occur. • Where changes occur slowly, Pennsylvania can not only prevent harm, but also can capitalize on positive changes. Likelihood Highly Likely Likely Possible Unlikely 4,5 321 6 Minor Limited Critical Catastrophic Consequence Risk Legend Extreme High Medium Low Overall summary risk matrix: 1 = Increasing average temperatures, 2 = Heavy precipitation and inland flooding, 3 = Heat waves, 4 Landslides, 5 = Sea level rise, 6 = Severe tropical and extra-tropical cyclones Confidential and Proprietary راد ICF#11Forests, Ecosystems, Wildlife Increasing Temperature Impacts Human Health Increases in heat index create more difficulties working outdoors. Increase in levels of PM 2.5 and ground-level ozone combined with increasing heat contributes to premature deaths. Higher transmission of vector-borne diseases and introduction of new diseases. Environmental Justice and Equity . · EJ locations are 1.9 times more likely to be in the top one-fifth of census blocks with days above 90°F. Areas without access to air conditioning will face higher impacts. • n B AB да W Northward shifting growing seasons, suitable habitat range, and ecosystems. • Wetlands will become more vulnerable and harmful algal blooms may become more common in Pennsylvania. EJ Block Groups 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70+ 559 11 Confidential and Proprietary Projected annual number of days with temperatures over 90°F in 2050, with EJ block groups راد ICF#12Heavy Precipitation and Inland Flooding Impacts Built Infrastructure Human Health Agriculture · • Flood damage to homes, businesses, • Direct injury and deadly flood events. Runoff, erosion, and nutrient leaching. and critical energy and • Mobilized pollutants causing water • transportation infrastructure, Changes in the timing of crop quality contamination. particularly those located in floodplains. NEW JE 12 Confidential and Proprietary planting due to springtime flooding. FEMA 100 Floodplain FEMA 500 Floodplain راد ICF#13Deep Dive: Flooding, Air Quality, and Health Impacts Air Quality Impacts • • Damage to buildings during and after flood events can contaminate indoor air with toxins including carbon monoxide, lead, asbestos, and mold and mildew. Environmental Justice and Equity Over 50% of EJ areas are within the five most flood prone counties. Effects of Flooding on Indoor Air Power outages may necessitate generator use, which produces carbon monoxide Resulting Health Effects • Exposure to carbon monoxide can cause brain damage or death. Water damage can cause lead paint to peel, creating lead dust • Lead exposure in children may result in broad cognitive impairment. "D 80 Centre County Government, data.pa.gov, Esri, HERE, Garmin, FAO, NOAA, USGS, EPA, NPS Flood Count by County and Environmental Justice Areas 13 Confidential and Proprietary Legend Flood Count, 2010-2022 Water makes asbestos friable and releases asbestos fibers • Asbestos exposure can result in mesothelioma, lung cancer, asbestosis, and other lung diseases. 0-8 9-15 16-22 23-33 34-53 54-103 104 218 219-403 EJ Areas Environmental Justice Areas Post-flood moisture supports the growth of mold and mildew • Mold spores can exacerbate respiratory conditions (i.e. asthma) and lead to coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. Effects of flooding on Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and Health راد ICF#14Deep Dive: Heat, Occupational Exposure, and Public Health Increasing Temperatures and Occupational Hazards • As climate changes increases average temperatures and heat waves, outdoor workers and elderly workers will be increasingly at risk. Agricultural workers are 4x more likely to experience heat-related illnesses. These roles are disproportionately filled by migrant and immigrant workers. High Heat and Air Quality . High temperatures and poor air quality often coincide as they share some of the same underlying drivers. 26 counties experienced high heat days that overlapped with poor air quality days in 2022. Social and Occupational Vulnerability - Populations at Risk . • Racial and ethnic minorities and low-income populations are less likely to have air conditioning compared with other groups. Low-income areas of cities, such as Philadelphia, experience the urban heat island effect, with 30% less tree cover and temperatures up to 22° warmer in summer months. Pennsylvania Counties experiencing High Heat and Moderate or Unhealthy Air Quality Days with 2023 EJ areas 14 Confidential and Proprietary ह 1 昆 Legend High Heat and Poor Air Quality Days 0-1 2-3 4-6 7-11 12-18 19-36 EJ Areas Environmental Justice Areas Centre County Government, data.pa.gov, Esri, HERE, Garmin, FAO, NOAA, USGS, EPA, NPS راد ICF#15Deep Dive: Climate Change and Energy Resilience Vulnerable Groups: Health & Safety Impacts Disrupted service threatens the safety and well being of impacted groups: • Low-income communities • Children • • • • Racial and ethnic minorities Rural populations Rural populations Healthcare workers Multilingual populations • Older adults • Hospital patients . Climate change impacts Climate change increases the risk of power outages. Power outages increase incidence of carbon monoxide poisoning and causes a spike in emergency room visits. DISTRIBUTED BY ENERGY ASSOCIATION OF PENNSYLVANIA (REVISED DATE MARCH 201 • Economic Effects & Incurred Costs National assessments suggest that the annual, cumulative cost of power interruptions ranges from $22 billion to $135 billion dollars annually Outages in Pennsylvania can have ripple effects across the Northeast region When faced with a major outage event, low- income households struggle the most to keep up with the initial costs associated with outages. • • Individuals dependent on medical equipment Populations dependent on electric heat 15 Confidential and Proprietary TEE 1 West Penn Power 2 Citizen Electric Company Duquesne Light Company Pennsylvania Electric Company Metropolitan Edison Company 6 PICO Ergy Company Pennsylvania Power Company PPL Electric Ulties Corporation Pike County Light & Pense Company 10 UGE Ulities, Inc 11 Wehbere Electric Company A map showing the operating territory of Pennsylvania's eleven Investor-Owned Utilities companies. راد ICF#16Climate Adaptation and Economic Opportunities The need to accelerate climate adaptation and mitigation investments comes with the opportunity to drive economic growth in Pennsylvania Examples by industry: Agriculture Enhancing ecosystem services and increasing crop yield through techniques, such as riparian buffer zones and retention ponds. • Outdoor Recreation Green infrastructure projects can enhance parks and natural walkways to provide connectivity and potentially give pedestrians access to stores and other commercial areas. Energy Production & Transition Energy efficiency upgrades such as adding insulation and sealing air leaks can reduce rural energy burdens by as much as 25%, translating into more than $475 in annual savings for rural households. 16 Confidential and Proprietary راد VICF#17Climate Adaptation and Economic Opportunities The need to accelerate climate adaptation and mitigation investments comes with the opportunity to drive economic growth in Pennsylvania Other examples: • Potential Housing Pricing Impacts Climate resilient home improvements can not only avoid substantial costs but can potentially appreciate the value of homes EJ Communities Expanding available resources, funding and job training can provide better access to these opportunities. 17 Confidential and Proprietary راد ICF#18Adaptation Priorities • • • • Reduce extreme heat risks to human health, particularly for vulnerable populations Support key sectors in the transition to a warmer climate, including agriculture, recreation and tourism, and forests, ecosystems, and wildlife Reduce flood risks to infrastructure and communities and increase their ability to cope and recover from the impacts of flood events Increase utility resilience to climate hazards with special consideration of outage impacts to vulnerable populations Help low-income households cope with potential increased energy burden. Enhance tropical storm and landslide risk mitigation 18 Confidential and Proprietary راد ICF#1919 Confidential and Proprietary Climate Impacts Assessment Q&A and Discussion راد ICF#202024 Climate Action Plan An opportunity for DEP to create a bold vision that exceeds goals; dives deeper into assessing the costs, benefits, co-benefits, and impacts for Pennsylvanians, particularly those in disadvantaged communities; and takes a stronger implementation focus with the aim of being a blueprint for action and potential legislative changes. 20 20 Confidential and Proprietary راد ICF#21An Iterative Process Screen Pathways ICF engages in working sessions with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Planning (DEP)to visualize and screen potential GHG emission trajectories, identify key mitigation measures, and set sectoral and economy-wide goals. This process assesses GHG emission outcomes based on ICF screening assumptions and provides a starting point for clients to understand the potential impact of various mitigation measures 2 Collect Data ICF merges client data with CO,Sight embedded data to establish a GHG inventory and BAU calibrated to the state of Pennsylvania. ICF models incorporated in CO,Sight cover > five sectors Client provides based year activity data, energy consumption, and demographic data for the analysis region ICF visualizes GHG emission pathways based on selected mitigation measures in real time using interactive data visualizations and a cloud analysis environment These sessions will be used to Inform the client's assumption development process and to define scenarios to explore in additional scenario modeling calibrated to client data and assumptions ICF uses client data to scale CO Sight's embedded datasets, which have geographic representations at the national, state, and county levels Buildings Transportation Industry Power Gas supply He Last time we met, we reviewed the results of CO2 Sight Screen, having used it to identify high level emissions reductions trajectories. Since then, the ICF team has collected data and conducted initial modeling of most strategies. Initial results are included in the Initial Draft CAP. The ICF team will be taking the initial results and the feedback from DEP and the CCAC, adjusting inputs. and re-running the strategy modeling to update and refine results. 21 21 3 Model Strategies ICF projects energy consumption and emissions for the selected BAU scenario, and CO,Sight models the impacts of mitigation measure for each sector. Mitigation of other sectors will be modeled in conjunction. ICF works with the client and key stakeholders to determine practical mitigation measures to model 4 Result Generation ICF visualizes the energy consumption, emissions, and cost-benefit results from the scenario modeling for each sector. ICF develops an interactive dashboard to display analysis results using Power Bl 回回 Electrification Energy efficiency Zero-emission vehicles VMT reduction > > Fuel switching Process efficiency ICF projects energy consumption and emissions based on 回回 finalized modeling assumptions chosen mitigation measures and current and future policies 83 70% Clean energy Federal tax credits Hydrogen Renewable natural gas ICF quantifies and evaluates the impact of each measure The dashboard allows for easy comparison between different modeling scenarios and mitigation measures The strategy modeling process is iterative, and results will be continually updated as inputs are refined Confidential and Proprietary CO₂Sight راد ICF#22Background- Current Emissions (2021) 13% 6% 9% 3%2% Sector 26% 23% 18% 22 22 Confidential and Proprietary •Industrial Electricity Generation •Transportation Residential Commercial Fugitive Emissions •Agriculture •Waste . Significant emissions in all sectors, led by Industry, Electricity Generation and Transportation Emissions from Industrial, Residential and Commercial built environment only represent scope 1 (gas, fuel oil and other fuel combustion) To align with the most updated Pennsylvania GHG inventory, the base emissions year will be updated to 2020. However, emissions trends are based on 2019 data, to avoid anomalies related to the COVID-19 pandemic راد ICF#23Key Findings- Business as Usual MMTCO₂e Year 2025 2030 2050 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 2005 2020 2021 2025 2030 Year 2035 2040 2045 2050 23 23 Confidential and Proprietary Goal Current Results 26-28% reduction 26% 50% reduction 41% Net zero emissions 85% Baseline BAU Reference BAU ⚫ Goal Strategy Total Key differences between the Baseline and Reference BAUS The Reference BAU includes additional policies from IRA and BIL and includes Pennsylvania's participation in RGGI. For example, the Reference scenario includes: Greater emissions reductions due to decreased electricity use and emissions in residential and commercial buildings Higher transportation emissions savings due to great EV penetration A smaller increase in projected industrial emissions due to lower- carbon energy input for industrial processes Lower carbon intensity from the electricity grid BASELINE BAU 40% reduction REFERENCE BAU 42% reduction راد ICF#2424 Pennsylvania's Path to 2050 Reductions MMTCO₂e 2025 Total GHG Reductions by Sector GHG Reduction Strategy B1. Building codesa B2. Electricity efficiency in buildingsb B3. Gas energy efficiency in buildingsa B4. Building electrificationa B5. Onsite solarb Buildings Total T1. Increase Fuel Efficiency T2. Transit & Multimodal Improvements T3. Light Duty Vehicle Electrification a 2050 0.008 0.065 N/A N/A 3.27% 0.266 1.030 11% 27.9% 0.498 1.000 11.29% N/A N/A .772 2.095 2025 Sector Fuel Supply Electricity Generation Agriculture Transportation 2.00 6.92 23.05% Industrial 23.5% Buildings 1.95 2.17 2.05 12.46 T4. Zero Carbon Medium- & Heavy-Duty Vehiclesa 1.78 10.94 Transportation Total 11. Industrial Efficiencya 12. Gas, Fuel, and Process Decarbonizationa Industrial Total F1. Operational Efficiency F2. Biomethane F3. Plug Inactive & Marginal Wells Fuel & Gas Systems Total P1. Net Zero Grid P2. Distribution & Transmission Lines Power Generation Total L1. Agricultural Best Practices L2. Land & Forest Management Agriculture/Land Use Total N/A Not Applicable. a A portion of GHG reduction from this strategy is captured in the electricity generation sector. b The GHG reductions from this strategy are captured in the electricity generation sector. Confidential and Proprietary [To be included in the Updated Draft CAP] 9.24 12.23 20.46 20.92% 79.36 [To be included in the Updated Draft CAP] 12.23 79.36 0.028 2.93 2.958 7.78 32.49 2.53 7.54 1.9% 1.88 7.98 4.41 15.52 3.87 7.63 14.76% 5.37 12.83 9.99% 1.35% 51.09% 2050 Sector Electricity Generation Transportation Fuel Supply Industrial Agriculture Buildings 0.017 2.93 2.947 Emissions from cross-cutting technologies are under refinement. VICF#25Example Strategy T4. Zero Carbon Medium- and Heavy-duty Vehicles Implement a low carbon fuels standard and deploy zero carbon medium- and heavy-duty vehicles and associated infrastructure. In 2020, Pennsylvania joined 14 other states and the District of Columbia in signing a joint memorandum of understanding (MOU) committing to accelerating adoption of zero carbon medium- and heavy-duty vehicles (MHDVS). The MOU aims for 30% and 100% of MHDV sales to be zero emission vehicles (ZEVS) by 2030 and 2050, respectively. Modeling for this strategy reflects this goal. Zero carbon MHDVS are emerging technologies, and research and development are ongoing to improve existing models and reduce capital costs. The modeling assumes a combination of battery electric, hydrogen fuel cell, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles will be used to achieve the MOU goal. Pennsylvania can take advantage of BIL and IRA funds for installing charging infrastructure and replacing conventional MHDVS with zero emission vehicles. EPA's IRA-funded Clean Heavy-Duty Vehicle Program will provide funding for purchasing zero emission MHDVs, building out supporting infrastructure, and developing workforce training and other planning and technical activities. Funding from the BIL-funded NEVI Formula Program can be applied to MHDV charging infrastructure as well. Resulting Impacts Environmental KEY METRICS GHG emissions: 2030: 1.78 MMTCO₂e 2050: 10.94 MMTCO2e Economic Metrics: [The below to be included in the Updated Draft CAP (1/31)] Cost (or benefit) per ton MTCO₂e/reduced): NPV: Average annual gross state product: Average annual disposable personal income: Jobs: Battery electric MHDVS have no tailpipe emissions, and the only tailpipe emission from hydrogen fuel cell MHDVS is water vapor. As a result, transitioning conventional MHDVs to zero-emission vehicles reduces GHGs like CO2, CH4, and N₂O, as well as harmful criteria air pollutants, improving local air quality. As discussed in T3, additional electricity generated to charge electric MHDVS will result in lower GHG emissions than burning gasoline or diesel for these vehicles, mile-for-mile. However, for hydrogen fuel cell MHDVs to significantly contribute to GHG emission reductions, the hydrogen fuel needs to be produced with little to no net GHG emissions. The most significant reductions will result from using "green hydrogen," or zero-carbon produced by splitting water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen using renewable electricity (a process known as electrolysis). See strategy F3 for more details about the emissions impacts of using hydrogen fuels. Economic metrics will be added in the next iteration of the report 25 25 Confidential and Proprietary Greenhouse Gas Reduction Opportunities 61 راد ICF#26Example Strategy Economic The recent decline in prices for light-duty EVs suggests that the costs of zero emission MHDVS could follow a similar trajectory. Recent research has suggested that zero emission MHDVS could reach cost parity with conventional MHDVS within a decade or so. As with light-duty EVs, zero emission MHDVS will cost less to fuel and maintain than conventional MHDVS. Reduced air pollution will reduce associated medical expenses. Finally, while new jobs will be created for installing, operating, and maintaining charging and fueling infrastructure for zero emission MHDVs, the reduced maintenance requirements for these vehicles may result in a loss of jobs in conventional vehicle maintenance and fueling. Social and Health RELATED FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Program Pennsylvania has received $171.5 million from IIJA funds over 5 years to deploy EV charging stations needed to support the transition to battery electric MDHVs. As discussed in T1-3, reducing local criteria air pollutants by eliminating vehicle tailpipe criteria pollutant emissions will reduce health issues associated with these pollutants, especially in communities located near highways or major roadways. As discussed in T3, however, additional electricity generation may increase criteria air pollution in communities near fossil fuel plants, but this risk can be mitigated as fossil fuel electricity generation is phased out and replaced with renewables. Also as discussed in T3, electric MHDVS can help stabilize the electric grid by providing a form of electricity storage. This can help balance the grid in times of high electricity demand and reduce curtailment of renewable generation. Implementation Considerations [To be included in the Updated Draft CAP (1/31)] Implementation considerations will be added to the next iteration of the report. 8 Catherine Ledna et al., "Decarbonizing Medium- & Heavy-Duty On-Road Vehicles: Zero-Emission Vehicles Cost Analysis," March 7, 2022, https://doi.org/10.2172/1854583. 26 Confidential and Proprietary Greenhouse Gas Reduction Opportunities 62 20 راد ICF#27Next Steps & Report Refinements SECTIONS TO BE ADDED IN THE NEXT DRAFT Macroeconomic impacts of the proposed strategies Implementation considerations for each strategy Challenges with implanting strategies and/or in achieving key outcomes by sector Legislative recommendations to facilitate the implementation of the proposed strategies Detailed co-benefits analysis of strategies Detailed adaptation strategies list Updated review and discussion of embodied carbon considerations REFINEMENTS & MODELING UPDATES IN PROCESS Updating the base emissions year to 2020, to align with the most recent Pennsylvania GHG Inventory. More detailed connections to EJ communities and connections to the PADEP's Climate Action Strategies for Environmental Justice Communities Report. Additional modeling on CCS & hydrogen impacts. 27 27 Confidential and Proprietary راد ICF#28Updated Framework for DEP's Legislative Recommendations Conduct background research and review the 2021 CAP for a baseline to identify Pennsylvania climate change priorities. Prepare a literature review including: • • Review of existing Pennsylvania legislation. Benchmarking best practices of other states and industries. Additional research on in-state and regional policies. Draft an initial menu of legislative recommendations based upon draft 2024 CAP strategies and findings from the literature review memo. Submit initial legislative recommendations to CCAC as part of the updated draft 2024 CAP in January. Iterate off CCAC feedback to update and refine legislative recommendations, supporting graphics and analysis as a part of the CAP deliverable schedule. OPPORTUNITIES FOR CCAC FEEDBACK 12/19 • December CCAC Meeting Present initial menu of recommendation options 01/31 Updated Draft CAP Including written recommendations 03/31 Draft Final CAP ● Refined recommendations 05/31 Final CAP Finalized recommendations 28 Confidential and Proprietary راد ICF#29Draft Menu of Legislative Options Sector Built Environment Strategy Name B1. Building Codes: Improve energy efficiency of new buildings and major retrofits through codes. B2. Electricity Efficiency in Buildings: Deploy electricity efficiency in existing buildings. B3. Electricity Gas in Buildings: Deploy gas efficiency in existing buildings. B4. Electrification: Deploy gas and fuel oil alternatives in existing buildings. B5. Onsite Solar: Deploy onsite solar, distributed energy resources and battery systems in buildings. Policy Options Power P1. Net Zero Grid: Build a net zero carbon electricity grid. • Industrial P2. Distribution and Transmission Grids: Ensure that electricity grid is ready for electrification related to peak load impacts and reliability. 11. Industrial Efficiency: Deploy electricity and gas efficiency in the industrial operations. 12. Gas, Fuel, and Process Decarbonization: Electrify industrial uses, change processes, and deploy gas and fuel oil alternatives in industrial operations. Building Energy Benchmarking, Building Energy Performance Program or Building Energy Performance Standards Building Code Adoption reform, increased enforcement, and training Broader Act 129 implementation for electricity and expansion to natural gas and electrification Clean energy accelerator (Technical assistance, program resources, lending, etc...) Clean Energy Workforce Development Programs Energy Efficiency, Electrification and Renewable Energy incentive programs (grants, rebates, tax credits, etc.) Electrification readiness programs AEPS Reform (expansion of types & percentages) Clean Electricity Standard RGGI Community Solar enabling legislation "Shared" Solar enabling legislation (utility solar ownership) Solar and Land Use policy and zoning Renewable Energy and Zero Emissions Electricity incentive programs (grants, rebates, tax credits, etc.) Clean Energy Workforce Development Programs Clean power plant standards Energy Efficiency, Electrification and Renewable Energy incentive programs (grants, rebates, tax credits, etc.) Reference Legislation/Jurisdiction Pittsburgh and Philadelphia Benchmarking and BEPP programs Various State programs (OR, WA, MN, CO, MD, MA) NJ Appliance Standards Law Electrification Programs including: NY State Clean Heat, Efficiency Maine, Mass Save Agriculture Enegy Efficiency Rebate Program PA Department of L&I Clean Energy Workforce Development Grants Philadelphia Energy Authority Built to Last, Solarize, and other residential programs Delaware Low- and Medium-Income Solar Pilot Program. Maryland Multifamily Energy Efficiency and Housing Affordability Program Commonwealth Workforce Transformation Program CES (New York, New Jersey, many others) Community Solar Programs (New York, Massachusetts, many others) Solar on Schools Legislation (HB 1032) Maryland Commercial, Industrial, and Agricultural Fiscal Year 2023 Grant Program Colorado Industrial emissions-trading program 29 29#3030 30 Draft Menu of Legislative Options- Continued Sector Strategy Name Transportation T1. Increase Fuel Efficiency: Increase fuel efficiency of Systems Fuel and Gas Systems vehicles. T2. Transit and Multimodal Improvements: Expand transit, transit-oriented design, and multimodal transportation. T3. Light Duty Vehicle Electrification: Deploy electric vehicles and associated infrastructure. T4. Zero Carbon Medium- and Heavy-duty Vehicles: Implement low carbon fuels and deploy zero carbon medium- and heavy-duty vehicles and associated infrastructure. F1. Operational Efficiency: Reduce methane emissions across oil and gas operations. F2. Biomethane: Expand use and generation of biomethane fuels. Policy Options Fuel efficiency standards. Zoning code updates Expansion of transit funding Zoning incentive program ZEV incentive programs (grants, rebates, tax credits, etc.) ZEV sales requirements/targets Regulatory enhancements Low carbon gas standard Well Plugging Programs Cross Cutting Technologies F3. Inactive and Marginal Wells: Reduce methane emissions from inactive and marginal conventional oil and gas wells. C1. Hydrogen Fuels: Expand use and generation of hydrogen fuels. C2. Carbon Capture and Sequestration: Deploy and continue to pursue new carbon capture technologies for power and industrial systems Clean Energy Standard (inclusive of Hydrogen and CCS) Reference Legislation/Jurisdiction PA Act 89 • • PA AFIG Program Maryland Clean Fuels Incentive Program DEP Well Plugging Program Colorado and North Dakota gas regulations Wyoming Energy Rebound Program California LCFS/ Oregon CFS/ Washington CFS DEP Storage Tank Programs Certified Inspector Program Confidential and Proprietary ICF#31Draft Menu of Legislative Options- Continued Sector Land Use and Agriculture Strategy Name L1. Agriculture Best Practices: Implement agriculture best practices for GHG emissions reductions. L2. Agriculture Best Practices: Implement agriculture best practices for carbon sequestration. L3. Land and Forest Management: Increase natural sequestration in Pennsylvania's land and forests. Policy Options • Carbon capture & sequestration credits for farmers Incentives for conservation & ecosystem protection Incentives & regulatory enhancements for urban greening and tree planting Reference Legislation/Jurisdiction Waste W1. Sustainable Organic Waste Management: Divert organic waste from landfills and incinerators. • Cross Cutting Legislation W2. Sustainable Construction Waste Management: Support construction material salvage and reuse along with adaptive reuse of buildings. • Maryland Climate Solutions Now Act • New Jersey's Clean Energy Act • Waste diversion goals Regulatory enhancements (compost mandates, waste separation laws etc.) New York's Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act • San Francisco's Zero Waste Program • & Construction and Demolition Debris Recovery Ordinance New Jersey Food Waste Recycling and Waste-to-Energy Production Act 31 Confidential and Proprietary راد ICF#3232 32 Confidential and Proprietary Climate Action Plan Q&A and Discussion راد ICF