#1Tatar Strait Sakhalin Research Institute of Fisheries & Oceanography (SAKHNIRO), Russia Sakhalin Some features of changes in species composition and stock abundance for pelagic fishes off Sakhalin Island during the first decade of the 21 century: Recurrent influence of climatic regime shift Hokkaido Velikanov A.Ya. e-mail: [email protected]#2Hydrologic regime near the coast of Sakhalin Island is determined by the two non-periodic currents: warm (in the Tatar Strait) and cold (in the Sea of Okhotsk). Scheme of the main non-periodic currents in the Japan/East Sea (from website) General currents scheme in the Okhotsk Sea (Chernyavsky et al, 1993). 1-2 West Kamchatka Current, 3-Median Current, 4 - Penzhin current, 5- Yamskoye Current, 6 - Northern Okhotsk Current, 7 - Amursky Current, 8- Northern Okhotsk Counterflow, 9 - East Sakhalin Current, 10- Northeastern Current, 11 - Soya Current 150° B.A. 140° 50°N 45°N 40°N 35°N MDC Koe MM/CK 60° 55° 50° C.E 130°E 135°E 140°E#3Fish communities of the Tatar Strait and south-western part of the Okhotsk Sea are represented by species from different ecological groups (see diagrams on right). Species composition of pelagic ichthyofauna of the Tatar Strait and south-western part of the Okhotsk Sea varies significantly due to the periodic migrations of the south- latitude fishes. In the 20th century, the shelf and coastal waters of the Sakhalin Island were rather important for fishery (annual catch of herring reached 350 000 tons, sardine - 360 000 tons, walleye pollock tons, pink salmon - 410 000 100 000 tons and Pacific cod more than 50 000 tons). - By the end of the last century, the stock abundances of many common fish species (walleye pollock, Pacific cod, sardine, and capelin) declined so that their commercial fishery was stopped. Proportion of pelagic, anadromous and demersal species in the epipelagic fish communities in different regions of the Sakhalin sea waters (data of 1947-1997) Б B Western Sakhalin Aniva Bay Anadromous Pelagic Demersal Anadromous Pelagic Demersal A Б Northeastern Sakhalin Southeastern Sakhalin Anadromous Pelagic Demersal Anadromous Pelagic Demersal#4Basic tasks: -to reveal features of changes in species composition and stock abundance for pelagic fishes off Sakhalin Island during the first decade of the 21 century; -to reveal trends of long-term changes in abundance for common pelagic fishes in the Tatar Strait and south-western part of the Okhotsk Sea in 1950- 2010; to reveal occurrence (absence) of conjugation of the long-term changes in climatic and oceanological factors and fish abundances; Data Sources: 1.Catch statistics: 1950-2009 for 10 marine fish species, including pink salmon. 2. Data from trawl surveys (1976-2009), ichthyoplankton (1968-2011) and eggs surveys (1988-2010). 3. Long-term assessment of herring and walleye pollock abundance, using VPA and SCAP (stochastique cohort analyses of processes) methods correspondently. 4.Oceanographic data: water temperature at south-western Sakhalin (1924-1999), western Hokkaido (1964-2003); Ice conditions in the Okhotsk Sea (1930- 2007). 5. Climatic indices: PDO, SHI, SOI, AOI, MOI - 1950 -2004.#5List of warm-water fish species near the west coast of Sakhalin Island in the 20th and Early 21th centuries (based on published and own data) Species Carcharodon Years 1951 Years Species Oplegnathus fasciatus 1946, 1948 carcharias Lamna ditropis Pterothrissus gissu Sardinops sagax melanosticta Engraulis japonicus 1947-1949, 1950s, 1960s, Coryphaena hippurus 1951,1973,2007 1980s, 2004,2007 1980 Ernogrammus hexagrammus 1947-1949 1932-1942, 1949-1954, 1975-1991 Scomber japonicus 1931-1955, 1973, 1977-1979 1934, 1948-1967, 1989-1998, 2002,2004,2007-2009 Hyperoglyphe japonica 2002,2006 Cololabis saira 1933-1985, 1995-1996, 2005, 2009 Kareus bicoloratus 1947-1949, 1975 Hyporhamphus sajori 1948, 1975 Thamnaconus modestus 1975 Exocoetus volitans 1973 Takifugu porphyreus 1912,1948, 1975, 2004,2010 Sebastes schlegeli 1948,2001,2004 Lophius litulon 1975 Sebastes wakiyai 2001#6Periodicity of migrations of some subtropical fish species to the Tatar Strait in 1910-2010 Species 1910- 1919 1920- 1939 1940- 1950- 1960- 1970- 1980- 1990- 2000- 1949 1959 1969 1979 1989 1999 2010 Pacific ? + (+) - (+) (+) sardine Japanese ? + (-) + + + + + − (+) + + anchovy Pacific ? + + + + + + + + saury Dolphin- fish Genuin puffer + Total I | + + I + + | 11 7 3 10 3 6 + + 8#7Data of south-latitude fishes occurred near the Okhotsk Sea coast of Sakhalin Island in different years Aniva Bay Eastern Sakhalin Fish species English name Latin name 1947-1949 (Lindberg, 1959) Salmon shark Lamna ditropis + 2000-2010 1947-1949 2000-2010 (Lindberg, 1959) + (2002-2005; 2007) + + (2002-2004; 2008; 2009) White shark Carcharodon carcharias + (2007) Pacific sardine Sardinops ? + ? + melanostictus (2006-2007;2009) (2001-2004) Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus + (2003-2009) + (2000-2004; 2008; 2009) Pacific saury Cololabis saira + + + (2000-2001;2008) Green gar Strongilura anastomella + (2008) I Rockfish Sebastes schlegeli + + (2006) Rockfish Sebastes wakiyai + I Common dolphin-fish Coryphaena hippurus (2001) + (2000; 2007) I I + (2004;2010) Chub mackerel Scomber japonicus + + + (2000) (2008) Genuin puffer Takifugu porphyreus + + (2003; 2008;2010)#8750 48 = 46 Distribution of south-latitude fishes in the sea waters of Sakhalin Island Left panel: Pacific sardine in the Japan/East Sea in the end of the 1970s - early 1980s (Dudarev, Kenya, 1986) and in the southwestern Okhotsk Sea in 1987-1989 (Zhigalin, Belyaev, 1999). Central panel: salmon shark (0), Japanese anchovy(A) and Pacific sardine (□), 2000-2005. Right panel: Dolphin-fish (dorado), 1951-2007 (upper) and some other south-latitude fish species near the Sakhalin coast in 2000-2005 (lower) 401 38 130 140 145 150 100 VI-EX DONI 54- 52- 52 50- 48- 46- 44- 42- Sakhalin 40- Японское море Japan/East Sea 50- DD Δ о. Сахалин 8- 42 Δ 40 38 36 140 142 144 146 140 150 152 154 140 Δ Δ Δ 126 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 142 144 146 DD 48- ΔΔ ΔΔ Δ AA ΟΔ A A Δ Hokkaido о. Хоккайдо о - акула ■ - сардина 4 - анчоус + 46- о. Сахалин о. Хоккайдо -сайра -темный окунь +-ореховый Окунь Д-северная собака рыба • японский гипероглиф скумбрия большая корифена 44- 140 142 144 146 148 140 142 144 146 148#946- 47- 48- 50+ A new appearance of Pacific sardine near the western coast of Sakhalin Island, Early October, 2011. Left panel: area of found sardine schools. Right panel: dead sardine in the tidal coastal zone near the settlement Sadovniky, website foto (upper); length composition of Pacific sardine, sampled in the tidal zone (lower) 49- Sakhalin 45- 141.5 142.6 143.5 25 20 GN NW 30 15 10 5 L, sm 15 15,5 16 16,5 17 17,5 18 18,5 19 19,5 20,5 21#10Dynamics of different pelagic fish catches in the Tatar Strait (left panel) and in the southwestern part of the Sea of Okhotsk (right panel) in the second half of the 20th century Pink salmon Walleye pollock Pacific sardine Pacific sardine (western Japan coast) Herring (Southern Sakhalin) x1000tone 1000TX 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 ° x1000 ton 180. 160 140 120 100 80 LO000X LID1000X pink salmon 20 15 10 5 0 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 years 150 100 50 0 walleye pollock Pink salmon 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Walleye pollock (north-eastern Sakhalin) sardine years 60 40 20 0 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 years. 1400 1200 1000 800 600 squid 400 200 sardine 0 1965 1970 1975 1980 1990 1995 years 2000 X10 tons X1000 tons 120 100 80 60 40 20 ° 1951 250 200 150 100 50 0 250000 200000 Pacific sardine 150000 100000 Sand-lance (La Perouse Strait, northern Hokkaido) 180 140 Arabesque greenling (northern Hokkaido) 50000 0 1955 1959 1963 1967 1971 1975 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 0661 1979 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 1996 1998 2000 T 1987 2004 2006 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 60 40 20 0 السياسة 1952 1957 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 25 20 15 10 5 061 1960- 1970- 1997 Ряд 2003 2007 2008 2010#11Distribution of herring in the Tatar Strait in April- May 2006 (left panel) and 2008 (right panel) by the results of trawl surveys Distribution of herring along the northeastern Sakhalin coast (from left to right: October 2002; July 2002) and length-size composition of herring trawl catches in July (upper) and October (lower) 2002 52°00'- т/кв. милю 51°00'- 50°00' 49°00'- 48°00'- 47°00'- 46°00'- 138°00' 18 J0.01 500 51.00- 100- 50.00- 49.00- 54 53- 52- A 54- 53- 52- Б T/KB MILIO Т/кв милю 0.7 51- 51- 0.6 48.00- т/кв. милю 0.5 0.58. 50- 50- 0.4 47.00- 46.00- 139°00' 140°00' 141°00' 142°00' 141.00 142.00 0.5 49- 0.1 0.01 48 143 144 145 146 Stock abundance dynamics of Sakhalin-Hokkaido herring during 1990-2004 (data of A. Ivshina) Abundance (x1000000) численность, млн. шт 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0.3 0.2 49- 0.1 0.01 0.01 48 147 143 144 145 146 147 -июнь N=335 экз, М-28.93 см A 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Длина тела, см 90 80 70 20 18 60 16 14 50 12 10 40 8 30 6 4 20 2 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 7 8 год years -сентябрь-октябрь N = 352 экз, М = 19.47 см Б 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Длина тела, см Fork Length, sm#12Data on walleye pollock egg concentrations sampled in the Tatar Strait in different years (eggs/m²) Years 1968* 1974* 1981** 1989** 1999 2001 2002 2004 2005; 2010 Area: 49-51°N no data 1.-2000 2.0-550 2.-550 2.0-10. 2.0-4.0 2.0-10. no data 0.00 46-51°N 46-49°N 100- 2000 no data 1.-2000 2.0-550 2.0-550 2.0-32. 2.0-76. 2.0-14. 2.0-8.0 2.0-8.0 1.-2000 2.0-550 2.0-550 2.0-550 2.0-32. 2.0-76. 2.0-14. no data 2.0-8.0 (* - Zverkova, 1977;2003; ** - Shuntov et al, 1993) Dynamics of abundance index of walleye pollock floating eggs near the northeastern Sakhalin coast in 2000-2011 0000000000000 LX 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 2000 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 years 2008 2009 2010 2011#13Dynamics of walleye pollock biomass near the northeastern Sakhalin: spawning biomass in 1975-2007 (left) and stock biomass in 2000-2010 (right) 6.105 4.8·105- FSB 3.6.105 SSĘ2.4105 1.2.105- 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 t+1975 Dynamics of walleye pollock spawning biomass near the western coast of Sakhalin during 1989-2005 Biomass, X103 tons 100 80 60 40 20 Im... 1989 1990 1991 1992 1995 1996 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 A#14Data of capelin spawning intensity near the western coast of Sakhalin Island in different years Year 1988 1989 1992 1995 1996 1998 1999 2002 2003-2010 Spawning area (mln. sq. M) 2.34 1.90 1.61 0.94 0.50 0.15 0.76 2.88 < 0.9 Average number of eggs (x106 egg/m²) 3.60 0.88 1.56 0.64 0.18 0.052 0.028 3.80 < 0.6 Year Data of capelin spawning area and eggs concentration in Aniva Bay and near southeastern Sakhalin in different years South-Eastern Sakhalin Aniva Bay Egg concentration (x10° egg/m²) Spawning area (x10° m²) Egg concentration Spawning area (x10° m²) 6 (x10° egg/m²) 1979 3,14-15,90 0.60 no data no data 1985-1989 0.01 - 3.66 0.5-0.71 0.01 8,77 0.51-0.89 2000-2004 0.002 - 2.025 0.09-0.20 0,01 - 1,01 0.40-0.60 2005-2010 <2,0 < 0.20 < 1.0 <0.60#15x1000 ton: x1000 ton: 6 10 x1000 ton 300 250 200 150 100 50 Annual changes in catch anomalies for herring, walleye pollock, pink salmon, saffron cod, yellowfin sole near western Sakhalin, sand-lance and arabesque greenling near northern Hokkaido, and Pacific saury in Japan/East Sea in 1950-2005 350 Fish species with winter-spring spawning Sakhalin-Hokkaido herring 14 12- Fish species with summer-autumn spawning pink salmon Pacific saury x 1000 ton: 0 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 200 -50 -4 -6. -100 De-Kustry stock herring 8 0 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 200 -0.5 -2 x1000 ton: 0,5 1. 1,5 0 6 8 10 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 saffron cod 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 THAT -4 -1 La Perouse Strait sand lance 120,00 140 100,00 Walleye pollock 120 80,00 60,00 228 100- 80 60 40,00- 20,00 x1000 ton: 40 20 x1000 ton: 0,00 0 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 -20,00 1952 1955 1958 1961 1964 1967 1970 1973 1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 -20 -1 -40,00 -40 -60,00 -60 -100 x 1000 ton: -50 0 50 100 ± 1 N = -30 -20 -10 1947 LG of catches Ngg 1949 1951 1953 1955 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 150 arabesque greenling 9/6 1977 1979 1981 1983 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 5 yellowfin sole 4 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995#161.2 0.8 0.4 -0.4 -0.8 -1.2 -1.6 -2 -2.4 -2.8 2,5 Dynamics of PDO Winter Index in 1901- 2006 (upper; Batchelder, Kim, 2006) and Siberian High Index in 1950-2001 rr. (lower; Panagiotopoulos et al, 2005) 3 2 Anomalies (vertical bars) and their cumulative sums (circles) for the four climatic indices from 1950 to 2004 (Tian et al, 2008) (a) PDO: 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 -0,5 -1 -1,5 -2 -2,5 -3 1900 1906 1912 1918 1924 1930 1936 1942 1948 1954 1960 1966 1972 1978 1984 1990 1996 2002 Годы 2000 1998 1996 1994 1992 1990 1988 1986 1984 1982 1980 1978 1976 1974 1972 1970 1968 1966 1964 1962 1960 1958 1956 1954 1952 1950 TTTTTTT MOI (hPa) 6 AO 9 -2 -3 PDO -3 1950 3 2 1950 -3 2 1950 (b) SOI (c) AO (d) MOI -5 -10 -15 -20 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 5 -5 -10 -15 -20 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 340 -10 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 20 CuSum (hPa) CuSum CuSum 5 CoSum#17Ice conditions in the Okhotsk Sea in March (Ustinova et al., 2002) Long-term changes of water temperature: (top) along south-western Sakhalin (Antonovskiy transect, layer 50-100 m, May 1924-1999 (Kantakov, 2000); (middle) mean year temperature (layer 0-200 m, 1950- 1992) (Karpova, Shatilina, 2000); (bottom) along western Hokkaido (200 m depth, 1964- 2003 (Tian et al, 2008) 100 00 90 80 S% Температура, гр. С 1924 5 1928 1932 70 A 60 à 1996 50 01 Б 40 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 1992 1988 1988 1986 1984 1984 1982 1980 1980 1976 1978 1972 1976 1968 1974 1964 1972 1960 1970 1956 1968 1966 1952 1964 1948 1962 1944 1960 1940 1958 1936 Температура, гр. С 5 1950 1952 1954 1956 Water temperature, C 4 Long-term distribution of average annual deviation of ice cover in the Okhotsk Sea and background of ice cover anomaly distributions (Muktepavel, Shatilina, 2009) 1992 1990 % 120 100 80 00 60 winter 40 40 0 1957 1960 1963 1966 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 To 1993 990 1993 1996 1999 2002 20 -20 20 20 1960 1963 1966 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 Years summer -40#18Conclusions In 2000-2010 a number of south-latitude fish species in the Tatar Strait and southwestern part of the Okhotsk Sea has increased in comparison with the 1980- 1990s. Stock abundance of walleye pollock, herring, Far East capelin was low in most areas, but Japanese anchovy, saury, arabesque greenling were comparatively high- abundant. Significant changes in stock abundance have been observed for many fish species in the Tatar Strait and southwestern part of the Okhotsk Sea during 1950-2010. Changes in abundance, revealed for different fish species, had different-directed trends and were independent from any belonging to biogeographic or ecological groups of fishes. Changes in fish abundance in the Tatar Strait and southwestern part of the Okhotsk Sea occurred against the background of increase in Siberian High Index and PDO Index, decrease in MOI Index, increase in water temperature in the eastern part of the Japan/East Sea in the 1980s and especially in the 1990s, and decrease of ice cover of the Okhotsk Sea during the last 30 years. Major south-latitude fish species of the Tatar Strait were more frequent in the years of higher intensity of the Tsushima Current and lower monsoon intensity as well; near the eastern Sakhalin these species were more frequent in the years when ice cover was minimal in the Okhotsk Sea. There was revealed a general trend: a comparatively high abundance of fishes that spawn in winter-spring was observed in the periods when intensity of the warm Tsushima Current lowered. In the years of high intensity of Tsushima Current, the abundance of summer-autumn spawning fishes increased.