#100 SWACHH SHANTI 2017 India's Swachh Bharat Mission 20th April 2017 || Washington D.C. Parameswaran Iyer, Secretary to Government of India Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation#2India is implementing the biggest sanitation program in the world स्वच्छ भारत एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर Number of people in rural India practicing open defecation October 2014 550 million April 2017 350 million SBM launched on 2nd Oct 2014 ODF India to be achieved by 2nd Oct, 2019 SDG-6 needs India to achieve a Swachh Bharat#3Why sanitation is critical for India Sanitation saves lives • Diarrhea kills over 100,000 children every year in India Equivalent to 2 jumbo jet crashes daily " Nutrition and productivity • Lack of sanitation leads to physical and cognitive stunting in children Potentially less productive future workforce स्वच्छ भारत एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर Women's security and dignity • Open Defecation a serious threat to safety and dignity of women • Holding it in till it is dark is also a health issue It is estimated that lack of sanitation costs India over 6% of our GDP#4Political will is driving the SBM 2012 2014 Swachh Bharat Mission Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan स्वच्छ भारत एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर PM has made SBM the government's flagship program Large public investment: $20 billion for SBM rural 1999 Total Sanitation Campaign 1986 CRSP Behaviour change and usage at the heart of SBM strategy Policy shift from output to outcome: from number of toilets constructed to ODF villages Focus also on Solid and Liquid Waste Management and Swachhta (cleanliness)#5Swachh Bharat Mission Progress स्वच्छ भारत एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर Sanitation Coverage gone up from 42% to 64% since launch of Mission 190,000 villages and 131 districts are ODF Coverage: 64% ODF districts: 131 ODF villages: 190,000 Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala are Open Defecation Free Complete 76% - 100% 51% -75% 0% - 50%#6Key SBM Issues Scale Complexity Financing Sustainability स्वच्छ भारत एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर#7Key SBM Issues Scale Complexity Financing Sustainability स्वच्छ भारत एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर#8SBM in India: How big is the challenge? 30 states ⚫ 677 districts • 650,000 villages •1.25 billion people • 550 million practiced open defecation at the start of SBM SBM is arguably the biggest behaviour change campaign ever#9Scaling up through Technology and Capacity strengthening स्वच्छ भारत एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर Half a million Swachhagrahis • Attempting to create army of trained grassroots motivators – one per village Knowledge and learning • Swachh Sangrah - KM portal connecting all districts Swachh Bharat Preraks 600 YPs, one per district National events • Swachh Shakti - Over 6000 women village heads addressed by PM Virtual classrooms • CAS training conducted through virtual classrooms Leveraging social media • WhatsApp • Twitter • Facebook#10Key SBM Issues Scale Complexity Financing Sustainability स्वच्छ भारत एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर#11Complexity of Behavior Change Usage Challenges Cultural diversity of the country Scarcity of water Some approaches under Swachh Bharat Flexibility to States for developing local solutions to tackle local cultural and mindset issues Piped water supply on priority to ODF villages, rural pan Toilets are small, dingy and HHs free to design their own toilets, e.g. in claustrophobic Punjab, bathing facilities being added at own cost Stigma associated with pit- National campaign on toilet technology, including emptying Women don't have a say; Men don't feel a need community leaders and celebrities emptying pits Campaigns celebrating women as champions, not victims; Campaigns focused on men for behaviour change, e.g. Darwaza Bandh भारत स्वच्छ एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर भारत मशन (ग) के अन्तर निर्मित स्वच्छ भारत मिशन (ग्रामीण) सम्मेलवर्य 136 प्रति#12Engaging all stakeholders स्वच्छ भारत एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर • Clarion call by the PM to make SBM a jan andolan (people's movement) Community, not individual, at the forefront - collective behavior change Inter-personal communication as well as mass media Involving celebrities and inter-faith leaders T दरवाज़ा बंद तो बीमारी बंद Warm Welcome dra Singh Tomarji ake#13Making Sanitation "everyone's business" NGOS, Civil Society Communities Iconic Places All Devt Partners Ministries Swachh Bharat of Gol Faith leaders SOES Pvt sector State and district#14Key SBM Issues Scale Complexity Financing Sustainability स्वच्छ भारत एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर#15Large investment in Sanitation Public funding for Rural Sanitation ~ $20 billion Public funding for Urban Sanitation 2 ~ $10 billion स्वच्छ भारत एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर Other Govt funds • MNREGA ($2.5 billion) • All Ministries earmarked funds (~ $1 billion) for sanitation in their budgets Corporate Sector • Swachh Bharat Kosh: Received ~$100 million Corporate investment in sanitation (~$5 billion) Self-financing • User & Community financing • Sanitation lending to HHs through Microfinance India investing ~$40 billion* over 4-5 years in sanitation through government, private sector and self financing *estimated#16. Leveraging Public Financing स्वच्छ भारत एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर Federal SBM-G Funds allotted to States on a demand, performance cum competitive basis Most States allot funds to districts on a performance cum need basis Incentive of Rs.12,000 (~$190) offered to over 85 million eligible households to build and use a toilet Central and state budgets also used for IEC and ODF sustainability Public funds also serve as "collateral" to leverage private and user financing#17Addressing HH liquidity through micro-finance स्वच्छ भारत एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर Individual households latrine coverage by district (IHHL) Percentage of households with latrine; 2017 Legend (quintile) 0.00 -0.42 0.42 -0.61 0.61-0.75 0.75 -0.97 0.97 -1.00 Size of MFI borrowing by district Gross loan portfolio per person (INR); 2016 Legend (quintile) 0.00-11.81 11.81 - 144.14 144.14-329.02 329.02-621.11 621.11 - 5495.01 Mapping demand to supply Last mile distribution through linkage with govt entities like India Post Over $100 million of sanitation loans already disbursed - covers less than 1% of addressable market presently Darker = greater need for toilets Darker = greater MFI activity Source: Dalberg India • Tremendous opportunity for banks, financial institutions and beneficiaries#18Inspiring examples of self-financing by citizens in rural India Sushila Khurkute (Palghar, Maharashtra) • Tribal woman from rural Maharashtra • Decided to build her own toilet. • She continuously dug a pit for 3 days in rocky terrain स्वच्छ भारत एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर • Her grit and determination made her the face of Swachh Bharat in her district Akkamma Sharanabasava (Kalaburagi district, Karnataka) • Sold her gold jewelry, mortgaged her LIC bonds and invested Rs. 96,000 to construct toilets not just for herself but also her neighbours • As an SHG, also ran a rural sanitation mart to help others in community • Constructed 325 toilets in 8 months Appointed masons and purchased construction material in bulk#19Examples of private sector financing स्वच्छ भारत एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर Swachh Bharat Kosh has collected over $100 million through individuals and institutions All PSUs advised to spend at least 33% of their CSR funds on the Swachh Bharat Mission Tata Trusts sponsoring 600 YPs, one for each district in India, estimated to cost over $10 million "Banega Swachh Bharat" - National media campaign by private sector media giants and FMCG brands 90/100 top companies with largest CSR spends have contributed to Sanitation with median spend of $1 million#20Key SBM Issues Scale Complexity Financing Sustainability स्वच्छ भारत एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर#21Sustainability and usage - the prime focus • Success metric is ODF villages and not toilets constructed - usage of toilets is key • Quality of process followed for ODF through Community Approaches to Sanitation (CAS) • Detailed sustainability protocol in place, with multiple checks and balances Multiple verifications • Each ODF village verified by the district and ODF district is verified by the State Central independent verifications and evaluation studies Incentivizing sustainability • Part of state allocation based on sustainability performance • Special sustainability funds स्वच्छ भारत एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर Continued IEC post ODF • Continued IEC and Nigrani Samitis for at least 9 months post declaration ODF to ODF+ • SLWM projects prioritized in ODF villages Priority piped water supply to ODF villages#22Thank you स्वच्छ भारत एक कदम स्वच्छता की ओर PLEASE MARRY ME!! I HAVE A HOUSE. LAND, GAS, BUFFALO, CYCLE.. EVERYTHING!! Dar DO YOU HAVE A TOILET??