#1HYOGO. PREFECTURE Recovery Efforts after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake 12 January, 2011 Mitsutoshi Kimura Superintendent of Emergency Management Hyogo Prefectural Government Recovery Efforts after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake -Contents- 1. The Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake Overall Summary of Damage 2. Characteristics of the Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake 3. System Supporting Recovery and Reconstruction Promotion of the Hyogo Phoenix Plan 4. 5. 6. Recovery Issues and Measures by Phase Mitigation and Disaster Risk Reduction Based on Lessons Learned from the Earthquake 7. Sharing Lessons Learned from the Experience of Disaster 8. 9. Recovery Condition of the Disaster Affected Area Addressing Remaining Issues Hyogo Prefectural Government The Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake Occurred at 5:46 am on January 17, 1995 再生 1 (1) The Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake Overall Summary of Damage Hansin Expressway Kobe Route Date: 5:46 am, 17th of January, 1995 Epicenter: Northern Awaji Island (Southern part of Hyogo) Scale: 7.3 on Richter Scale _ HYOGO PREFECTURE Seismic intensity: 7 on the Japanese Scale (Highest recorded in history) Called the Southern Hyogo Earthquake Rokko and Awaji Island Faults Damages TOTAL MEDIA TOHO E-B Dead: 6,434 people Missing: 3 people Financial damage: about $ 100 billion (about 50% of the Hyogo's GDP) Houses destroyed (completely and partially destroyed): 250,000 (460,000 households) 1 (2) Condition of Earthquake Stricken Area HYOGO PREFECTURE Hyogo Hansin Anaji E 135 HYOGO TOKYO HIROSHIMA KYOTO N35 Population Area GDP Municipalities Hyogo 5.59 mil. 8,394km 1.96 trillion yen Japan 127.58 mil. 377,911km 527.3 trillion yen 4.4% 2.2% 3.8% 41 1,829 2.3% Nagata Ward, Kobe City HYOGO PREFECTURE 2 Characteristics of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake | Occurred in a Densely Inhabited Area Population of disaster area - around 3.6 million | Occurred in area where city functions are concentrated Governmental (central, prefectural, municipal), information, transportation and physical distribution function were concentrated Occurred in area with an aging society 30.5% of residents of temporary housings immediately after the earthquake and 46.9% of residents of reconstructed public housing are elderly people over 65 years old. (the ratio of people 65 and older out of the total population: 14.5% in 1995) 1#23 System Supporting Recovery and Reconstruction (1) The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Reconstruction Plan (Hyogo Phoenix Plan) (2) 3-Year Priority Reconstruction Plans Housing, Infrastructure, Industry (3) Reconstruction Fund ($9 billion) Providing Careful Services (Subsidy for independent recovery of lives, Interest Subsidy for housing loan, etc.) (4) Collaboration of Citizens, NPOs, Corporations and Governments Earthquake Victim Reconstruction Support Committee HYOGO PREFECTURE 3 (1) Hanshin-Awaji Reconstruction Plan Outline <Hyogo Phoenix Plan> Basic Theme Basic View Basic Goals (5 Pillars) HYOGO PREFECTURE I Harmonious Coexistence Between People and Nature, People and People, and People and Society Creative Reconstruction Creation of a welfare society tailored for the 21st century Creation of a culturally rich society open to the world Creation of a society where existing industries grow and new industries flourish Creation of a disaster-resistant metropolis where people can live with confidence Formation of a multi-centered network-type metropolitan area Established July 1995 Target Year 2005 $170 billion (660 Projects) $163 billion (1,358 Projects) Duration Expenses Planned Amount Actual Amount 3 (2) Priority Three-Year Plans HYOGO PREFECTURE 3 (3) Reconstruction Fund Within the 10-year Reconstruction Plan, 3-Year Plans were created for urgent matters of residential buildings, infrastructure and industries Category Housing (unit: housing unit) Infrastructure (unit: billion US$) Industry Planned Target (Type of Basic Data for 125,000 (number of orders) 57.0 (budget allocation) 100.0% (Net Regional Product Index) comparison) Achievement 169,000 (135% of planned target) 58.7 101.7% (103% of planned target) *Overall target level was achieved by the end of March 1998 HYOGO PREFECTURE The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Reconstruction Fund (established in April 1995) to support recovery of the affected area, Hyogo Prefecture and Kobe City established a fund of $9 billion (current value). ⚫the interest from this fund, about $3.7 billion, has been used for projects to support recovery in the disaster stricken area. ■Life support measures: Self-support fund, etc.32 projects: $ 1.8 billion (48.4%) ■Housing measures: Monetary compensation 33 project: $1.1 billion (29.3%) for interest on housing loans, etc. ■Industrial measures: Monetary compensation 33 projects: $ 0.5 billion (14.2%) for interest on emergency relief loans, etc. Educational and other measures: Historical building repair, etc. Total * 28 projects at the outset increased to 113 projects 15 projects: $ 0.3 billion (8.1%) 113 projects: $ 3.7 billion (100%) 3 (4) Collaboration of Citizens, NPOs, Corporations and Governments In addition to "Self support" and "Public support", "Mutual support" is important HYOGO PREFECTURE Collaboration of Citizens, NPOs, Corporations and Governments "Catalysts" and "Coordinator" for collaboration are essential 4 Promotion of the Recovery Plan Basic Goals (5 Pillars) Creation of a Society Dedicated to Public Welfare Tailored to the 21th century Creation of a Culturally Rich Society Open to the World HYOGO PREFECTURE ex. Earthquake Victim Reconstruction Support Committee [Characteristics] Consists of scholars, supporters, etc. An intermediate organization positioned between disaster victims and the government (Began in July 1995 with 12 experts) [Activities] Understanding issues at hand by visiting disaster areas Giving recommendations to both the government and the disaster victims ex. Phoenix Citizens Recovery Network [Characteristics] Consists of citizens, a diverse of organizations, volunteer groups, companies etc. Assists the disaster-affected in lifestyle rehabilitation [Activities] Activity of providing goods each other, Support to victims living out of Hyogo, Support for moving into new houses etc. Creation of a Society Where Existing Industries Grow and New Industries Flourish Creation of a Disaster-Resistant Metropolis where People Can Live with Confidence | Formation of a Multi-Hub Network Metropolitan Area 2#3HYOGO PREFECTURE 4 (1) Creation of a Society Dedicated to Welfare HYOGO PREFECTURE Housing Support Low interest housing fund ⚫ Rent subsidy ⚫ Disaster recovery public housing provision Support for independent living, and for elderly disaster victims ⚫ Support of independent living of disaster victims ⚫ Elderly victim's health classes/events for elderly. community-building Collective housing and collective housing for elderly residents. Mental Health Hyogo Institute for Traumatic Stress ⚫ Psychosocial care for children and students . 4 (2) Creation of a Culturally Rich Society Promotion of Volunteer Activities in the first year after the earthquake, about 1,400,000 people had participated in volunteer activities (the birth of volunteerism in Japan) ⚫ The Ordinance concerning the Promotion of Volunteer Activities (1998) • Hyogo Volunteer Plaza (2002) Education on Disaster Reduction for Children, Hands-on Activities for Children, Enrichment of the Child-Rearing Environment ⚫ New disaster prevention education, school support teams (EARTH) ⚫ Teenage Social Circle Children's Play Areas ⚫ The Community Child Care Circle Culture-Oriented Development of Unique Communities Hyogo Performing Arts Center (2005) ⚫ Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art (2002) 4 (3) Creation of a Society where New Industries Flourish Supporting Small Business • Extending low interest loans so business can resume Providing temporary facilities for production Supporting Shopping Arcades . Using open space and vacant shops well Revitalization of shopping arcades Creating New Industry & Attracting Enterprise • Subsidy for research and development Attracting enterprises by introducing tax relief Maintenance and Creation of Employment Implementing vocational training programs tailored to employer's needs • Introducing 'Worksharing' the idea of reducing hours, to avoid laying off employees 4 (4) Creation of a Disaster-Resistant Urban Area HYOGO PREFECTURE PREFECTURE Physical Aspects 1.The creation of a disaster-resilient community. (Hyogo Prefecture established seismic safe construction regulations and specialists) HYOGO 2. Disaster planning synthesized for mountainous areas and flood risk. (Hyogo mountain and flooding prevention plan put into effect) 3. Making the area more resistant to wind and water disasters -comprehensive management of mountain areas -installing sabo (landslide prevention) dams -repair the balance between the focus on upstream and downstream areas 4. Establishing mitigation measures for tsunami, or the predicted large Tonankai or Nankai earthquakes Non-Physical Aspects 1. Expand hazard mapping and evacuation shelter preparation 2. Establish disaster countermeasures for isolated villages 3. Support for disaster volunteers Seismic retrofitting Forests prepared for disaster Sabo (landslide prevention) dam 4 (5) Community Planning (urban planning system) Community Planning (overall land use planning) HYOGO PREFECTURE Determination of urban plans based on a two-stage system First stage: Project area identification, type of development project, urban facilities (trunk road, etc.) that serve as the core infrastructure Second stage: Neighborhood streets, neighborhood parks, etc← Citizen's participation (Community Creation Council) Immediately after the Earthquake Immediately after the Earthquake Fully-Reconstructed (Nishinomiya City) 3#4Community Planning (overall land use planning) 国道43号 After Land Readjustment (Nishinomiya City) 4 (5) Community Planning (urban redevelopment recovery condition) HYOGO PREFECTURE JR Shin Nagata Station 1995 1999 2005 Kobe City, Nagata Ward, Shin Nagata Station South Area Urban Redevelopment 5 Recovery Issues and Measures by Phase From January 1995 Emergency Measures Phase From August 1995 Response Phase (Immediate Post-Disaster- Evacuation Center Phase) (Temporary Housing Phase) HYOGO PREFECTURE 5 (1) Emergency Measures Phase (Immediate Post-Disaster to Evacuation Center Phase) January 1995 to August 1995 Main Issues Immediate and rapid rescue activities . Restoration of infrastructure and lifeline utilities Improving the living environment of evacuation shelters • Building temporary housing in the early phase From April 1998 Early Reconstruction Phase (Permanent Housing Transition Phase) . From April 2000 Late Reconstruction Phase (Full Scale Reconstruction Phase) Disposing of rubble and building debris Main Efforts HYOGO PREFECTURE Firemen, Police, Japanese Self-Defense Forces came from the entire country to offer assistance Early Recovery of Lifelines and Transportation Infrastructure Transmitting Information to Earthquake Victims, Consulting services with a focus on details •Providing Temporary Housing Housing Demolition and Disposal of Rubble using public funds Using the Recovery Fund to support many efforts 5 (2) Response Phase (Temporary Housing Phase) September 1995 to March 1998 Main Issues • Senior Citizen victims in temporary housing need support to recover their daily life. Early Recovery of Infrastructure, Housing, and Industry Main Efforts Establishing community centers within temporary housing to support elderly residents. • Support of volunteers to recover and daily life activities. • Establishing Earthquake Victim Reconstruction Support Conference • Forming an urgent recovery 3-year plan (infrastructure, housing, industry) Highway and port Recovery • Construction of Disaster Recovery Public Housing • Support industry recovery through local ordinances. HYOGO PREFECTURE 5 (3) Early Reconstruction Phase (Permanent Housing Transition Phase) April 1998 to March 2000 Main Issues While moving into permanent housing, disaster victim need to recover their lives one by one. Need for stable employment in the disaster affected area. Main Efforts • Development of systems to monitor and protect the elderly (Living Support Advisors and Lifestyle Restoration Consultants) • Created community plazas HYOGO PREFECTURE The Act for Support for Reconstructing Livelihoods of Disaster Victims Events to Create energetic local shopping arcades "Hyogo Work Sharing" introduced reduced working hours to have more jobs Support for community business 4#55 (4) Late Reconstruction Phase (Full Scale Reconstruction Phase) From April 2000 Main Issues Measures to address independent living for Seniors, and problems of making a lively town. ⚫ Making a safe and secure that is suitable for an aging society in the 21st century Main Efforts HYOGO PREFECTURE • Strengthening the systems to monitor the elderly (appointing Senior Citizen Supporters, Establishing Mobile Health Care Rooms and Independent Support Plazas for Seniors) Measures to promote use of vacant lots and floor space, combining efforts holistically to create a lively energetic town. • Creating the Mutual Aid System for Housing Reconstruction • Establishing the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster Reduction and Human Renovation Institution (DRI) 6 Mitigation and Disaster Risk Reduction Based on Lessons Learned from the Earthquake Creation of Practical Disaster Mitigation Systems Hyogo Prefectural Disaster Management Center Hyogo Phoenix Disaster Management System (a system to gather and summarize disaster prevention information) Disaster & Emergency Medical Care System Institution Created: Hyogo Emergency Medical Center Development of Disaster Management Bases Disaster Management Base: Miki Earthquake Disaster Memorial Park and others (6 bases) Tsunami mitigation station, Tsunami surveillance camera Increase Regional Disaster Prevention Capacity Volunteer Disaster Response Groups: encourange and support (1995.4(27.4%)-2009.4(95.8%)) Promoting earthquake resistance for homes and public facilities Guidance in providing assistance to affected people in the event of a disaster, etc. HYOGO PREFECTURE 6 (1) Creation of Practical Disaster Mitigation Systems (Hyogo Prefectural Disaster Management Center) HYOGO PREFECTURE 1 'Superintendent of Emergency Management' post established in April, 1996 2 Prefectural Organization and System of Disaster Mitigation (including Emergency Management) 3 Establishment of Emergency Management Center in August 2000; Center expanded in April 2007 6 (1) Creation of Practical Disaster Mitigation Systems (Communication between Organizations Related to Disaster Management, and Regional Disaster Mitigation Systems 1 Support Increased Cooperation between Related Organizations -Disaster Drills involving related organizations in the Prefecture -Established "Never Forget 1.17" program in schools in the area, as part of Disaster Prevention Education 2 Establishment of a Regional Disater Mitigation Sytem Municipalities Mutual Assistance Agreements in each major area of the Prefecture (1996, Sept. 1 CURAC Support agreement of the Association of Prefectural Governors, and the Inter-Regional Mutual Assistance Agreement for Emergencies agreed on by 9 Prefectures in the Kinki Region (April 26, 2006) (Revision of earlier Agreement from Feb. 20, 1996) Kansai Regional Organization (Regional Disaster Mitigation Group) December 4th, 2010. HYOGO PREFECTURE 6 (1) Creation of Practical Disaster Mitigation Systems (Housing for Disaster Response Governmental Staff) Protect Emergency Response Government Staff Provide 24 hour disaster watch Housing for Disaster Response Government Staff Realistic Disaster Drills Based on the lessons and experience of Kobe Earthquake, government office employees also participate in regular disaster drills. HYOGO PREFECTURE Emergency Government Officials' Housing 6 (1) Creation of Practical Disaster Mitigation Systems (Phoenix Disaster Management System) HYOGO PREFECTURE The function of the system is to collect information about conditions related to earthquake, atmospheric pressure, amount of rain amounts, and river depths is collected and gathered in a central location. In the event of disaster, information about damage is collected from every area. Also, in the event of an earthquake, the information about the magnitude is recorded on a map and made available, and predictions about building damage, injuries, and damaged areas are made, in order to supply people and goods needed for an emergency response. In the Prefecture and offices of organization related to disaster management, there are 320 terminals to collect disaster information. フェニックスシステム LO 5#66 (1) Creation of Practical Disaster Mitigation Systems (Hyogo Disaster Prevention Network) HYOGO PREFECTURE 6 (1) Creation of Practical Disaster Mitigation Systems (Regional Emergency Management Bases) HYOGU PREFECTURE Residents can receive information about weather, earthquake, evacuation, or emergency situation directly by cell phone, etc. NEWS! Tajima Regional Emergency Management Base 気象警報 ■緊急気象情報 地震、津波、気象警報、土砂災害 警戒情報等 災害発生 2 【メール例】 ■緊急情報 避難情輭等 ●●地域に大雨警報が 発表されました。 Nishi-Harima Regional ■お知らせ情報 Emergency Base 防災マメ知識や防災の心得 生活 安全情報などを配信 ●●●地区に避難勧告が 発令されました。 6 (1) Creation of Practical Disaster Mitigation Systems (Miki Disaster Prevention Park) HYOUU PREFECTURE Regional Disaster Mitigation Center 「但薦鼎民局 PEARS Awaji Regional Emergency Management Base www 丹波调長期 Tamba Emergency Management Base District Emergency Management Base (Miki Earthquake Disaster Memorial Park) 版神北洪民局 張神南课民局 Hanshin Regional Emergency Management 神戶南民局 Base 6 (1) Creation of Practical Disaster Mitigation Systems (Tsunami Mitigation Station, Established in 2010) Place to experience the 'Awareness,' 'Escape' and 'Preparedness' for Tsunami Disaster Spread Knowledge about Tsunami Preparedness Creating a Disaster Mitigation Network for Regional Exchange Creating a New Sight-seeing Destination HYOGO PREFECTURE ひなん SAMS Fukura Port Tsunami Mitigation Station Evacuation Routes Clearly Displayed 3D Earthquake Testing Facility. with Actual Building Size Shaking Table (E-Defense) Warehouse for disaster supplies 6 (1) Improve Regional Disaster Mitigation (E-Defense System, Established in 2005) Objective: Establish a research center to study the effects of earthquake on actual buildings. Tasks: . conduct experiments about earthquake damage ⚫ the worlds largest 3-D . shaking table The result of these experiments are the foundation for developing technology and techniques for seismic reinforcement of building structures to make them earthquake-safe. アキュムレータユニット HYOGO PREFECTURE 6 (1) Creation of Practical Disaster Mitigation Systems (Hyogo Prefecture Disaster Management Center) Objective: Core facility of emergency medical system Tasks: HYOGO PREFECTURE •Emergency Response Center, Information and Instruction Center •Collecting and providing emergency medical care information in the event of disaster, Utilizing Ambulance ⚫Human Resources Development, Collection & Dissemination of Information 6#7Empty#87 Sharing Lessons Learned from the Experience of Disaster (Disaster Reduction and Human Renovation Institute, Established in 2002) HYOGO PREFECTURE Senior researchers: 10; Dedicated researchers: 7 Collection, storage and display of reference materials Operation costs: 50% supported by the national government Research and study by specialists Dispatch of specialists in the event of disasters Development of practical disaster prevention personnel Exhibition 8 Recovery Condition of the Disaster Affected Area Smooth Recovery HYOGO PREFECTURE Population Gross Prefectural Production (GPP) January 1995 1994 Hyogo Pref. 5,526,689 Affected area (3,589,126) about $200 billion (about $ 128 billion) May 2010 Hyogo Pref. 5,595,183 Affected area (3,673,853) 7 Sharing Lessons Learned from the Experience of Disaster (JICA International Disaster Reduction Learning Center, established in 2007) HYOGO PREFECTURE World's first disaster management program under collaboration of Hyogo prefecture and JICA (1)Comprehensive coordination of disaster risk management training course which is held in Hyogo prefecture (2)Implementation of disaster risk management training (3)Disaster risk management research and development of educational materials (4)Networking and utilization of ex-participants (5)Establishment and utilization of data-base for human resource in disaster risk management Establis- hment of human resource network Implementation of training for disaster risk management (JICA training, Others) Disaster Reduction Learning Center (Inaugurated in JICA Hyogo on May 17,2007) Utilize the potential of the Kobe New Eastern City Center Research on disaster risk management 88888 Networking of expartici- pants 9. Addressing Remaining Issues 10-Year Reconstruction Overall Verification and Recommendation Project (January 2005) Recovery Follow up Commissioners Project (March 2010) Remaining Issues • Support for independent living of elderly disaster victims Reviving Community Vitality Preserve the Memory of the Earthquake HYOGO PREFECTURE 2008 about $ 205 billion Efforts Made Creating Elderly independence support plazas and Mobile Health Care Rooms Grouping together activities in a system of comprehensive support for revitalizing urban development, for example measures to promote the use of vacant lots and floor space. Passing on the experiences and lessons of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake: develop a "Disaster Culture"; efforts to use the lessons; 'Never forget 1.17' project. (about $129 billion) Xnumbers above: whole prefecture, numbers in []: disaster-affected area Hyogo Prefectural Government Hyogo 1.17は忘れない Productions January 17 shall never be forgotten HYOGO PREFECTURE 8