#1Exploring Timor-Leste - Minerals Potential Francisco da Costa Monteiro Natural Resources Officer - Office of the President Timor-Leste and Vicente da Costa Pinto Director of Energy and Minerals Timor-Leste PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION COUNCIL PECC MINERALS NETWORK Brisbane, Queensland 17-18 November 2003#2REGIONAL SETTING ◉ Part of Outer Banda Arc 130 The arc is non volcanic To the North – Banda Inner Arc (Volcanic), e.g Flores, Atauro, Wetar To the south lies 3 km deep trench - TIMOR TROUGH Plate Boundary : Australia & Banda Arc (Asia) plates =>Collision - Late - SULAWESI VOGELKOP SULA MISOOL SERAM TROUGH SERA Timor Leste FLORES SAWU SEA SUMBA INDIAN OCEAN SAWU ROTI SUMBA RIDGE TIMOR BURU AMBON BANDA WEBER DEEP ARU SERUA -NILA ROMA WETAR SEA MOR TROUGH BABAR SERMATA AUSTRALIAN NEW GUINEA 150 300 KM 200M- SHELF INNER BANDA ARC INTER-ARC TROUGH OUTER BANDA ARC AUSTRALIA Neogene#3Oecussi 9° S 125° E Dili Liquisa Ermera Aileu Maliana Ainaro Suai EAST TIMOR Manatute Baucau Jaco Lospalos Viqueque Same 9° S 25 50 Km 127° E WEST TIMOR PAPUA- NEW GUINEA INDIAN OCEAN INDONESIA Kupang East Timor Timor Sea 100 km AUSTRALIA 1000 km#40 GEOLOGY Four distinctive tectonostratigraphic units Authochtonous; Parautochtonous; Allochtonous; and Olistrostrome 124° -9° s West Timor Oecusse Kupang Mutis 100 km Kolbano 125° 126° 127° E Atauro To East Timor Baucau Dili Beheda Manatuto Cribas Matebign Lospalos Jaco Aileu Iliomar Maubissé Phalaca Aliambata Aituto Wailuli yalley Maliana Ainaro Same Bobonaro Bazol Viqueque Besikama Betano SHai Key Syn-post collision deposits (Authochtonous) Parautochthon & olistrostrome Bobonaro Sealy Clay Lolotoi Formation (Parautochthonous) Mutis Complex- Occussi volcanics (Allochtonous) Aileu & Maubisse Formations (Allochthonous) Modified geological map of Timor based on Audley-Charles (1968), and Charlton (2002).#5Minerals Potential#6Metallic Minerals The most attractive metallic minerals potential of Timor Leste are copper, gold and silver. >Occur as massive suride, epithermal gold and placer gold. Lesser extent : chromite and manganese. Minor occurences: lead, zinc and iron sand.#7Non-metallic Minerals • Sand and gravels for construction materials Presently, most commonly exploited Marbles for ornaments Clay and bentonites •=> Clays are widely distributed • Gypsum • Limestone and dolomites, etc.#8Oecussi Indonesian West-Timor Mineral Occurrences Dili Atauro Timor-Leste Jaco Timor Leste Metallic Mineral Chromite Copper Gold Gold and Silver Manganese#9Oecussi Indonesian West-Timor Atauro Timor-Leste Dili TIMOR SELAT WETAR Jaco LAUT TIMOR Timor Leste Industrial Mineral Andesite A Bentonite • Clay Dolomite Graphite • Gypsum 0 Limestone Marble Phospate Sulfur Talk Wolastonite#10+ + + Compiled Timor-Leste Minerals 100 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + § ဟာ £ TSU # WD VF KEYS TI minerals.shp Iron and Ferro-Alloy Mtl Base Metals Precious Metals Chemical & Fertilizer Min Ceramic/Refractory Other Industrial Material Building Stones Post vulcanism Oil and Gas Seeps Oil and Gas Wells + + < + + + + + 100 200 Kilometers Et Elevantion Elev.shp 0-50 50-100 100 500 500 1500 1500-2000 200-2500 Over 2500 Source: Lorenzo#11A brief summary of minerals occurence Copper The mineralisation occurs as massive sulphides, the veinlets containing chalcopyrite and pyrite in the ultra basic units, with extensive serpentinites alteration and with evidence of intrusive diorite/diabase. In the Ossuala area (Baucau district) sampling by Allied Mining Company (Wittouck, 1937) returned values of 10% Cu, 3 g/t Au and 170 g/t Ag Gold The gold mineralisation has been observed in several forms as quartz, quartz-calcite and calcite veins hosted by shale/slate or schist. The vein are pyritized and mineralized with gold. In Hilimanu area the mineralisation occurs in the metamorphosed igneous rock. The mineralisation are associated with quartz veins ( 0,5 - 12 m wide) containing chalcopyrite, limonite and calcedony. Some samples analysed indicates average grade of 0,5 g/t Au and 50 g/t Ag.#12Chromite The chromite deposits have been reported from Baucau, Hili Manu (Manatuto district) and Manufahi districts. The deposits were found as primary mineralisation in the serpentinites hosts. The chromite in the Manatuto districs is similar to chromite mineralisation in allochtone ophiolite bodies found in the Circum Pacific belt in the Philippines, New Caledonia and Kalimantan, Indonesia. The quality of the chromite is good, with grades between 36% and 51% Cr₁₂03. As for grade, 80% of the world's major deposits have between 33% and 52% Cr₂03. Manganese The manganese deposits were discovered in several places such as Vemmasse, Talamata, Venilale( Baucau district), Uato Carabau (Viqueque district). The deposits are interbedded form within red shale and associated with the limestone of the Bobonaro Formation. The manganese deposits mainly composed of pyrolusite mineral with the grade range between 84-94.5% MnO2.#13Phosphate The deposits are located in Daemena, Abo (Quelicae- Baucau district), and Laleia (Manatuto district). The phosphate deposits occurs in the unconsolidated gravel boulder material which similar age to the Ainaro Gravel. Analysis result of the samples taken from Abo area has revealed the significant assay ranging from 9.97 % to 31 % P205. Bentonite Bentonite-clay deposits are interbedded of the claystone of Bobonaro Scaly Clay Formation and located at Venilale (Baucau district), Bobonaro (Bobonaro district). In Mulia-Quelicai village (Baucau district), the swelling value was recorded between 371 up to 1829 x dry volume. The potencial of mineral reserve is approximately of 115,570,000 cubic metres.#14Marble The deposit has been recorded at Cablaci-Same (Manufahi District), Laclo (Manatuto district) and Builale (Viqueque district). In Laclo, the mineral reserve is thought to be at least 5.000.000 cubic metres. Gypsum The gypsum deposits were found to be associated with claystone of the Bobonaro Scaly Clay Formation. The deposit is located at Laleia- Obrato (Manatuto district), result from pit test investigated area of 50 ha has revealed the mineral reserve is approximately of 400 tonnes.#15Gypsum Gypsum crystals scattered over the surface of the Bobonaro Scaly Clay. Location near the town of Laleia, Manatuto District.#16Serpentinite Outcrops of fault-bounded blocks of serpentinite, schist and mélange on the Dili-Manatuto road. Chromite occurs in the hills above this locality.#17Quartz Veins The quartz vein stained with copper. Sample location in Baucau District.#18Bentonite Field Photograph: Outcrop of bentonite in the Bobonaro Scaly Clay. The occurrence is located one km north of Venilale west of the Venilale-Baucau road (Baucau District).#19LEGISLATION#20● Mining Law To address global competition for private investment (e.g, one formal document-Mining License, ISA) • ● The increased pressure to meet national and international social and environmental standards The increased demand from impacted regional, local and traditio communities - involve in national decision-making The greater share of revenues generated from mining activities • A sustainable mining development#21Environment Protection Ecological base-line survey >>Existing level of air, water, soil, rock, plant, animal, and cultura imprints prior to initiation of Advanced Exploration Activities Conducting Environmental Impact Assesment Study Establishment of a Mine Reclamation Guarantee Trust Fund#22Community Partnership At Advanced exploration and mining work: • • • Establishment of Sustainable Mining Development Authority Permission from local community authorities Local community education sessions Discuss with district and community most affected by mining activities.#23Conclusions 1. Geologically, mineral potential of Timor-Leste is very attractive for future mineral exploration and development activities. 2. The most attractive metallic mineral potential of Timor- Leste are copper, gold and silver. 3. The mining business of metallic mineral is high risk and high capital, so is best done by the private sector as it needs solid financial and technical resources. 4. Non-mettalic mineral such as marble, clay, sand, gravels, etc, have great potential in Timor-Leste. 5. The growth and development of a country's mining industry is determined not only by its mineral potential alone, but rather, by the policies of government in creating the right business climate to encourage investment.#24Thank You