#1Thank You to Our Sponsors M NI Will & Emery McDermott greenalia® TM CAC Specialty The Green Company Thought Trace SOLV Hodgson Russ eNeRGY ATTORNEYS Soltage AON Nautilus Solar RENEWABLE ENERGY PROVIDER FOSS & COMPANY TAX CREDIT SPECIALISTS Since 1983#2Secure Renewables '22 Securing the Path to Net-Zero TM April 20-21, 2022 | San Antonio, TX Use code SESR2220 for 20% off registration 19101 110101011001:10 SBIA Solar Energy Association® Industries 00101010110100 Com 10101011001101101014 0101015707 İNL Idaho National Laboratory#3Bizzabo App Instructions Connect with event attendees with our mobile event app! 1. Download the free Bizzabo App on your mobile device. 2. Open the app and enter the email address you registered for the event with. 3. An email will be sent to your inbox from Bizzabo to verify your identity. Click on 'Confirm Your Email' and the app will open to the homepage. (Check your SPAM messages if you don't see the email.) 4. Click on "Community" on the homepage to view the list of registered attendees and start connecting by sending direct messages to other attendees.#4Share your experience on Twitter Tag @SEIA and use #FinTaxandBuyers to share your photos of the Seminar Follow @SEIA on Twitter to get real-time updates on the U.S. solar industry#5SBIA Solar Energy Industries Association® Welcome to the SEIA Solar 101 Program#6Solar 101: Part 1 Session Speakers Justin Baca Vice President of Markets & Research SEIA Shawn Rumery Senior Director of Research SEIA Kevin Lucas Senior Director of Utility Regulation and Policy SEIA SBIA Solar Energy Industries Association®#7SEIA Solar Energy Industries Association® Solar Technology Justin Baca Vice President of Markets and Research#8Terminology Power = Voltage x Current . Measures instantaneous draw of an electrical load, or the output capacity of a generator • • Watt (W) · Kilowatt (kW) Megawatt (MW) Gigawatt (GW) = Energy Power x Time . Sustained delivery of a certain amount of power . . Kilowatt-hour (kWh) Megawatt-hour (MWh) • Terawatt (TW) Direct Current (DC) and Alternating Current (AC) DIRECT CURRENT ALTERNATING CURRENT (DC) (AC) SEIA Solar Energy Industries Association®#9Photovoltaic Modules = Solar Panels Cell Module Array n-type semiconductor p-type semiconductor Negative Positive sunlight negative electrode positive electrode Cross section of a solar cell + electric current to regulator Source: Revision Energy#10Monocrystalline Types of PV Modules Multicrystalline Thin Film#11Primary Crystalline Silicon Supply Chain Polysilicon Ingots Wafers Solar Cells PV Modules NREL analysis of manufacturing costs for silicon solar cells includes bottom-up cost modeling for all the steps in the silicon value chain. SEIA Solar Energy Industries Association®#12Crystalline PV Modules Product photos: JinkoSolar, Renogy, Renewable Energy World Protective film or blackout material Adhesive Glass Foil strips. PV cells Bus bar. Edge seal- tape Adhesive Back sheet laminate Wire Frame High strength foam tape Junction box SEIA Solar Energy Industries Association®#13Thin-Film PV Module Glass superstrate CdTe Solar Cell Incident Licht Transparent conducting oxide cas (~100rum) CdTe (-10m) Gold contact Current out SEIA Solar Energy Industries Association®#14Basic PV Module Components Back of Crystalline Silicon panel: • Junction box affixed to backsheet . . Connectors Cables • Potting Material . Product photos: Renogy, Tigo, Solar Professional Blag#15Photovoltaic System Source: DuPont Frame Glass Encapsulant Solar Cells Encapsulant Backsheet Junction Bo> Solar Panels Mounting System Utility Grid AC Inverter SEIA Solar Energy Industries Association®#16Inverters . Inverter • Converts the DC energy produced by the panel to AC energy . • For rooftop systems, a 'string' inverter or a microinverter (module level) may be used 0 0 0 Product photos/graphics: SMA America, Enphase/Greentech Media, SolarBridge/HomePower Magazine#17Module Level Power Electronics (MLPE) PV modules connected to string Inverter String Inverter PV modules connected to DC optimizers コロコロ DC String Inverter DIG-D-C DC-DC DGOC DC PV modules connected to microinverters Microinverters AC AC AC Electricity grid Electricity grid メニュン・ N Electricity grid DC power optimizer that attaches to the frame or back of a PV module and is wired to the junction box terminals Microinverter that attaches to the frame or back of a PV module and is wired to the junction box terminals#18Mounting Systems • Consist of rails, clamps, mounts, mounting hardware and roofing attachments South Support Fast Clamp Product Photos: S-5!, PanelClaw, QuickMount PV#19Mounting Systems Ballasted SEIA Solar Energy Industries Association®#20Solar Trackers/ Tracking Systems Photo: NEXTracker, RBI Solar#21Tracking System Types Single Axis Dual Axis SEIA Solar Energy Industries Association®#22Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BPV) E Photos: Architectural Solar, Schueco SEIA Solar Energy Industries Association®#23Utility-Scale Solar PV Project Examples Photos: Recurrent Energy's Sunset Reservoir in San Francisco, California and SunPower's 250MW California Valley Solar Ranch SEIA Solar Energy Industries Association®#24Utility-Scale Solar PV Inverters . Utility-scale inverters serve the same function as string inverters, just with a much larger load and scale to manage Often sized at 500kW to 750kW Some larger projects choose to employ high-efficiency string inverters instead of central utility-scale inverters SEIA Solar Energy Industries Association® Photo: SMA America SANTONAL#25Join at slido.com #SEIA slido Ballroom AB#26SEIA Solar Energy Industries Association® Market Segmentation Shawn Rumery Senior Director of Research#27Installed Solar Capacity (MWdc) 130,000 120,000 110,000 100,000 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 Massive Growth Since 2000 Sets the Stage for the Solar+ Decade Cumulative U.S. Solar Installations 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Residential Commercial Community Solar Utility Utility (CSP) SEIA/Wood Mackenzie Power & Renewables U.S. Solar Market Insight 2021 Year in Review • · . Solar has experienced an average annual growth rate of 33% in the last 10 years Strong federal policies like the solar Investment Tax Credit, rapidly declining costs, and increasing demand across the private and public sector for clean electricity has sped solar deployment There are now more than 121 gigawatts (GW) of solar capacity installed nationwide, enough to power 23.3 million homes.#28Residential Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Typical rooftop PV systems on single family residential properties: · . Capacity: 1-20 kW (average 8 kW) Sized to account for majority of yearly household electricity use (but not more than) Normally grid-connected Uses net energy metering (NEM) Residential entity is electricity off-taker Average cost: $3.10/watt in Q4 2021 . Average cash system cost: ~$20,000 Finance Options • . Third Party Ownership (Lease/PPA) Debt Financing through installer Self-financed 18% Market Share in 2021#29Cumulative U.S. Residential Solar Installations by State (MW) < 50 50-500 500 - 2,000 9,000+ SEIA Solar Energy Industries Association®#30Commercial and Industrial Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Typical roof or ground-mounted installations at commercial, industrial, government or non-profit properties: • . . . . Capacity: 1-5000+ kW (average 130 kW) • Sizes vary widely depending on business and site Normally grid-connected Uses net energy metering (NEM) Commercial entity is electricity off-taker Average cost: $1.55/watt . Average system cost: ranges widely Finance Options Third Party Ownership (PPA) Debt Financing through installer Grants and/or bonds for certain entities Self-financed 6% Market Share in 2018 WAL-MART#31Cumulative U.S. C&I Solar Installations by State (MW) < 50 50-200 200-1,000 1,000 - 2,000 2,000+ SEIA Solar Energy Industries Association®#32Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Typical ground-mounted installations in a variety of open spaces. (desert, brownfield, grassland, cleared land other reclaimed land): Capacity: 1+ MW (average 76 MW) . • • . Can exceed 1,000 MW in largest multi-phase projects Sells electricity on wholesale market • Utility, Independent Power Producer or Corporate-owned Electricity off-taker is utility or large corporate Average cost: $1.06/watt (single axis tracker) . Average system cost: ranges widely Finance Options . Multi-party arrangements Debt, Equity, Tax Equity 72% Market Share in 2018#33Cumulative U.S. Utility-Scale Solar Installations by State (MW) < 100 100-500 500-1,000 1,000 - 10,000 10,000 20,000 SEIA Solar Energy Industries Association®