#1Facies Variability Within a Single, Deep-Water Basin-Floor, Mixed Carbonate-Siliciclastic Fan (Upper Wolfcamp Fm., Permian, Delaware Basin, New Mexico)* Erik Kvale¹, Christopher Bowie¹, Christopher Mace¹, Buddy Price², and Jarret Borell¹ Search and Discovery Article #51608 (2019)** Posted September 16, 2019 *Adapted from oral presentation given at AAPG 2019 Annual Convention & Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, May 19-22, 2019 **Datapages © 2019. Serial rights given by author. For all other rights contact author directly. DOI:10.1306/51608Kvale2019 'Devon Energy Corporation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States ([email protected]) 2University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States Abstract Rarely are sea-floor fans containing a significant volume of carbonate detritus documented or discussed. Such fans are common within the lower Permian Wolfcamp Fm. in the Delaware Basin in SE New Mexico and west Texas, U.S.A. Three cores retrieved as part of an unconventional oil/gas exploration and development program in SE New Mexico Wolfcamp preserve interlayered wackestone, packstone, and mixed siliciclastic-carbonate mudstones. Core combined with regional subsurface studies show that the sediments are organized into an approximately 350 ft. thick mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deep-water fan. Carbonate debrites are concentrated in more axial positions and siliciclastic mudstones in more distal areas. Cores collected represent the frontal to distal fringe, off-axis, and lateral fringe portions of the fan. The fan prograded SW. The carbonate dominated portion of the fan trends at least 35 mi. in a NE-SW direction and 11 mi. NW-SE across. It is partially bounded to the east by a fault. Lobe complexes can be recognized which are bounded by regionally correlative horizons (A, B, C, and D, from older to younger). An overall upward fining across B and C horizons records a progressive back-stepping of the fan through time. Unlike siliciclastic fans where axial facies are dominated more by turbulent flow deposits (turbidites), the axis, off-axis, and lateral fringe facies in the Wolfcamp are dominated by laminar flow deposits such as coarse carbonate debrites and mass transport deposits (MTDs). Mixed carbonate siliciclastic hybrid event beds (HEBs) and finer grained background sediments form a minor component in these areas. Coarse carbonate deposition decreases towards the frontal fringe areas where facies are dominated by mixed carbonate-siliciclastic mud-rich HEBS and background sedimentation. The core through the lateral fringe differs from the off-axis core in that the debrites in the lateral fringe are thinner and often rheologically stratified with finer grained debrites sitting directly on top of coarse-grained debrites suggesting a genetic link in their formation. The axial facies appear to be dominated by thick (amalgamated?) ungraded debrites and MTDs. Facies changes from axis to frontal fringe are gradual but facies changes from axis to lateral fringe are rapid and may change significantly over a 2 mi. horizontal well.#2Selected References Haughton, P., C. Davis, W. McCaffrey, and S. Barker, 2009, Hybrid sediment gravity flow deposits - classification, origin and significance: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 26, p. 1900-1918. Pierce, Colm S., Peter D. W. Haughton, Patrick M. Shannon, Andy J. Pulham, Simon P. Barker, and Ole J. Martinsen, 2018, Variable character and diverse origin of hybrid event beds in a sandy submarine fan system, Pennsylvanian Ross Sandstone Formation, western Ireland: Sedimentology, v. 65/3, p. 952-992. Stow, D.A.V. and Mayall, M., editors, 2000. Deep-water Sedimentary Systems: Thematic Set, Marine and Petroleum Geology, Volume 17, No. 2.#3AAPG ACE2019 ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXHIBITION 19 22 May. San Antonio, Texas Facies Variability within a Single, Deep- Water Basin-Floor, Mixed Carbonate- Siliciclastic Fan (Upper Wolfcamp Fm., Permian, Delaware Basin, New Mexico) Erik P. Kvale¹, Christopher M. Bowie¹, Christopher Mace¹, Buddy Price², and Jarret Borell¹ ¹Devon Energy Corporation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 2Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 1926 ด SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology devon#4AAPG ACE2019 ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXHIBITION 19 22 May. San Antonio, Texas HIERARCHY OF DEEPWATER ELEMENTS COMBINE TO BUILD ARCHITECTURE OF DEEPWATER SYSTEM detail of low density & high density flow laminated sands of channel sheet elements fill with fluid escape channel sheet element fill of low density flow laminated & high density flow sands beds with fluid escape elements float in fine grained matrex represented by transparent areas architectural element set of nested stacked amalgamated channels vertical stacked cycles of channel fill elements dispersed & offset channel elements non-leveed "winged" channel fill element channel & sheet KEY slumps & sand elements debris flows overbank wings blanket fines C. Kendall & P. Haughton, 2008 Figures from: http://www.sepmstrata.org/page.aspx?&pageid=40&3 linear source devon point source source ramps Observation: Most of what is known about deep-water fans comes from siliciclastic-dominated systems Major mud-rich river delta Mud-rich systems Marsh Lagoon Valley anyon Lake Coastal delta lain and Shelf Slope apron Abandoned channel-levee Slide scars Slumps, Inner Lan-Mid-fan Basin valley High sinuosity channels and levees offe Low muddy coastal plain, deltas, cheniers system in subsurface Lateral feeding Muddy shelf Coastal plain Shelf Slope apron Arid Channel-levees in the sub-surface Heterogeneous depositional lobe sands & silts coastal plain Low gradient coastal plain Low anidur Slump scar Stump Turbidity cuments Slump Coastal plain Shelf Slope aprom Mud diapir Canyon fed by active nearshore littoral drift or relicit shelf sands Sandy coastal plain Sand-rich systems Barrier Longshore drift Slump scar Inner fan Mid-fan channelized suprafan lobe Alluvial fan Canyon 1000- 5000 m Coastal plain 2000 m Outer fan plain Shelf Basin plain Slope apron Slump Avalanching 10-50 km scar Slump 100-500 km Inertia flow Turbidity flow 5000 m 50-250 km Multiple rivers/sandy delta and coastal systems Coastal Himerland Proximal Med ramp Medial 1000 5000 m Braid Braid Shelf plnia sands Coalescing turbidite sands 10-100 km, Slides in the subsurface Distal ramp Braidplain Basin pla Sandy shelf Apron 10-50 km turbidites Basin plain 2000 m 5000 m Gravel-rich systems Swale Hummocks, lobes and plays 1-5 km 500 m Hilly hinterland Fan deltas Narrow shelf. Shoreline Inner-fan conglomerates and sandstones. Debris flows and high density turbidites Outer-fan mudstones and turbidites Line sourced talus cones, Line sourced coalescing alluvial fans Coalescing lobes Avalanching 1-10 km Inertia flow Turbidity flow Talus slopes urface plun Increasing size of source area, depositional system, size of flows, tendency for major slumps, persistence and size of fan-channels, channel-levee systems, tendency to meander, thin sheet-like sands in lower fan and basin plain 1-2 km Mid-fan high density turbidites Increasing dominance of a single feeder system, feeder channel stability, organization of depositional sequence, downcurrent length/width ratio, 'life time' of source area Decreasing grain size, slope gradient, frequency of flows, tendency for channels to migrate laterally After Stow & Mayall 2000 (based on Reading & Richards 1994 & Stow et al 1996)#5AAPG ACE2019 ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXHIBITION 19 22 May. San Antonio, Texas 1926 SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology Presentation Outline • Location of study area, stratigraphy and paleogeography • Show map and cross-sections through a Permian mixed carbonate- . siliciclastic fan in the Delaware Basin, New Mexico and discuss how it was mapped Show a technique that allows a decent integration of detailed core facies to petrophysical logs • Discuss facies and depositional processes • Show how facies vary across the fan Summary devon#625°N + 107°W AAPG ACE2019 ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXHIBITION 19-22 May San Antonio, Texas 107°W 37°N Core location Reference well location New Mexico Texas Northwest Shelf B A San Simon Channel Diablo Platform 0 Kilometers 100 H 0 Miles 60 Marfa Basin ⭑Core Locations Delaware Basin Central Basin [Platform Midland Basin Permian Basin Sheffield Hovey Channel Marathon Ouacita Fold and Thrust Belt Channel 93°W .37°N The Delaware Basin is the perfect place to look for mixed carbonate-siliciclastic fans and to begin to put together depositional models NEW MEXICO MIDLAND BASIN TEXAS CENTRAL BASIN PLATFORM DELAWARE BASIN Blakey, Paleogeography of W. North America 290 Ma Early Permian Pennsylvanian SYSTEM Guadalupian SERIES Delaware GROUP Permian Leonardian OPERATIONAL UNIT Bell Canyon 25 GR 150 RES CAL 20 0 2000 3rd Bone Spring Ss Cherry Canyon Wolfcamp X&Y Brushy Canyon U Leonard M Wolfcamp Upper A study interval 1st Bone Spring Ss 2nd Bone Spring Ss Wolfcampian 3rd Bone Spring Ss Wolfcamp Wolfcamp Middle A Virgilian: Cisco Wolfcamp Lower A Missourian Canyon Des Moinian Atokan Strawn Atoka Wolfcamp B Over 400,000 wells drilled in the PB in the last 100 years -http://fortune.com/longform/permian-basin-oil-fortune-500/ 25°N 93°W devon Reference Well#7AAPG ACE2019 ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXHIBITION 19 22 May. San Antonio, Texas Scholle, 2002 NORTHWEST SHELF Matador August 2015 Investor Presentation. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1 520006/000152000615000140/matadoraug ust2015investo.htm SHELF SHELF MARGIN SLOPE BASIN TURBIDITY CURRENT SUSPENSION SETTLING DELAWARE BASIN Reciprocal model of sedimentation in Delaware Basin - Traditionally, carbonate fans are not generally recognized NORTHWEST Lagoon SHELF Back-reet open shelt Beel Fow-reet carbonate apron A Capitan shelf margin Lowstand Interval 1st Bone Spring Lime Leonard HST LST DELAWARE BASIN 1st Bone Spring Sand 2nd Bone Spring Lime HST 2nd Bone Spring Sand Highstand Interval LST 3rd Bone Spring Lime 265 mya End of Bone Springs - Warmer! Paradigm: 1. Most interpretations are HST Delaware Basin a variant of Handford 3rd Bone Spring Sand (1981, American LST Association Petroleum Used with permission of Dr. Ron Blakey, 2005 Northern Arizona Univ. Dept. of Geology http://en.ucc.neu.edu Geologists Bulletin, v. 65, p. 1602-1616.) HST Wolfcamp Study Interval Wolfcamp "A", "B", "D" = Oil & Gas Source Rocks and Resource Reservoir Rocks Extensively distributed basin-wide Matador 2. Mudstones deposited from suspension settling 3. Carbonate-dominated turbidites and debris flows largely restricted to basin margins devon Upper Penn Shale Strawn San Andres Yeso Abo Delaware Mountain Group 1st, 2nd, 3rd Bone Spring Sands Sands confined to channels and distributary systems MUD FLATS SALT PAN SHELF (SAND-MUD) CARBONAT CANYON 1st, 2nd, 3rd Bone Spring Carbonates Wolfcamp "A" Carbonates Wolfcamp "D" Carbonates More limited in areal extent 59 SLOPE#8Wolfcamp upper A AAPG ACE2019 ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXHIBITION 19 22 May. San Antonio, Texas Upper Zone Middle Zone Lower Zone A West Core B B Southwest www Core A Tie Well Tie Well Example of upper Wolfcamp mixed carbonate-siliciclastic fan Percentage of Wolfcamp upper A interval with gamma-ray log less than 55 API units B' Northeast A' East Core C Wolfcamp upper A Upper Zone Middle Zone Lower Zone 14 100 ft 30 m From Kvale et al., in press, Facies variability within a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sea-floor fan (upper Wolfcamp Fm., Permian, Delaware Basin, New Mexico). AAPG Bull. devon 100 ft 30 m Core B Lateral Fringe Off-Axis Axis B' Off-Axis Lateral Fringe Core A Frontal Fringe Distal Fringe Core C B .LEA CO LOVING WINKLER CO 10 miles 16 km 0.90 0.80- 0.70- 0.60 0.50- 0.40- 0.30- 0.20 0.10- 0.00- NM TX#9AAPG ACE2019 ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXHIBITION 19 22 May. San Antonio, Texas Zonation of Wolfcamp fan and paleotopography Percentage of Wolfcamp upper A interval with gamma-ray log less than 55 API units A B C Gamma-Ray API <55 55-80 >80 Wolfcamp Middle A Subsea TVD --6500.00 Lateral Fringe Off-Axis Axis Core B B' Off-Axis Lateral Fringe --6750.00 Core A --7000.00 --7250.00 -7500.00 Frontal Fringe -7750.00 -8000.00 B Distal Fringe Core C -8250.00 -8500.00 -8750.00 .-9000.00 .LEA CO LOVING WINKLER CO -9250.00 -9500.00 -9750.00 10 miles 16 km 0.90 0.80 0.70- 0.60- 0.50 0.40- 0.30- 0.20- 0.10 0.00- NM TX 3-D Petrel model derived from gamma-ray logs Over 100 well logs used to generate map From Kvale et al., in press, AAPG Bull. Net-to-gross map showing percentage of gamma-ray log interval of less than 55 API devon#10AAPG ACE2019 ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXHIBITION 19 22 May. San Antonio, Texas Just How Big is the Wolfcamp upper A fan? SUBMARINE FAN SIZE VARIATION Wide range of size & shape Bengal(P & A) Mississippi (P & A) Each deepwater fan is unique, with an internal structure, elements, & lithology that vary across a range of scales in response to local processes of the depositional setting, including those tied to physiography, tectonics & source terrain. Monterey (A) прим Rhone (P) Blanca Astoria (A). Tanka Ebro (P) Gottero (a) Butana (a) Navy (A) Amazon (P) Forties (p)/ Cengio (a) Ross Cherry Canyon Hecho (a) Crati (A) Delgada) Mameso Arenacea (a) Modern Fan A - Active Margin P-Passive Margin Ancient Fan a - Active Margin p-Passive Margin Sediment Dispersal 0 100 200 300 Kilometers Kendall and Haughton, 2006 http://www.sepmstrata.org/page.aspx?&pageid=40&3 devon Wolfcamp upper A Fan#11AAPG ACE2019 ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXHIBITION 19 22 May San Antonio, Texas Gamma Ray O Carbonate rock fragment Facies (API) Bioturbation 0 6 Pc Ps WAS SL M 10 ft ° 0 0.5 ft 15.24 cm A Mm Minx MCs (3) Removed Whole Core Mmx Scaling core facies to petrophysical logs using facies inventory plots Core B Lateral Fringe GAMMA-RAY 0.5 ft 15.24 cm Mm Mes (H3 ) Mes (H3] Sico (H3) Mcs (Hu) Mm (H3] SICE (H) Mm (H) Mcs (HBv] Mim Mics (H3 u) Mm Mics (Hu) Sica (H31) SLC (HA) Mcs (HBv] SLCHAL Mm, H3) Mcs (H3U) Sica (H3) Sica (H3) SLC (HS) SLE (H2) Removed Whole Core Whole Core Mm (HS) Mmx MM (H3) Mcs (HBU) Mcs (H3U) SLEI (H2) SLC/SLcl Mm (H3) MCs (HBU) Mcs (H3U) SLCI (HZ) SICB (HB) Facies inventory plots: Documents proportions of facies over alm (3ft) moving window Minimizes short term facies variability Highlights longer- term stratigraphic trend Mimics changes in gamma-log response (TH) Mim (H3) Mics (H3U) Mm (3) Mcs (H3U) Sice (H31) SLC (M1) Mm (H5) SLC (H1) SLCI(H2) Mm (H3) Ps (H1) Mcs (H3) Mcs (HBw] Sles (H31) Mes (H3) Ps (H) Sice (31) Mm Sica (31) Mmx LOWER ZONE WOLFCAMP UPPER A MIDDLE ZONE UPPER ZONE Mm (H5) Mcs (HBV) B From Kvale et al., in press, AAPG Bull. devon HEB FACIES (API) 0 250 Fig 128 Fig 19 F17 Fic 10 100 ft 33 m Core A Off-Axis GAMMA-RAY (API) 250 wwwwwww Fig SA Fig SC single HEB.. Fig 114 F118 Core C Distal Fringe GAMMA-RAY (API) 0 250 Fig 158 Fig 58 Fig 16A Fig 168 Fig 16C Fig 12A Fig 13A Fig 138 Fig 14A Fig 148 Fig 15 Packstone (PS/SLc/SLcl) Calcareous argillaceous siltstone (SLca) Calcareous silty mudstone (Mcs) Mudstone (Mm) DEBRITE FACIES Inspired by Pierce et al., 2017, Sedimentology, v 65., 952-992 Paraconglomerate (Pc) Wackestone (Ws) Bioturbated mudstone (Mmx/Mdx) Bone Spring Fm. sands and silts#12AAPG ACE2019 ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXHIBITION 19 22 May San Antonio, Texas FLOW TYPE DEBRIS FLOW COMPOSITE/ CO-GENETIC FLOWS HIGH-DENSITY TURBIDITY CURRENT LOW-DENSITY TURBIDITY CURRENT NON-COHESIVE MIXED COHESIVE FLOW STRUCTURE Depth Depth BEHAVIOUR Laminar Depositional processes - Facies in Wolfcamp mixed carbonate-siliciclastic fan are dominated by sediment gravity flow deposits DEPOSITS Turbulent Flow Flow Debrite H5 H4 Velocity Megabed 'Linked' debrite H2 Hybrid event beds 'Banded' sandstone High-density turbidite Velocity Low-density turbidite H1 H3 5 cm 10 m thick 2 inches -> 32 ft thick DIVISIONS Pseudonodular and/or massive mud Parallel and ripple cross-lamination Muddy sand +/- mudclasts, sand patches, injections, outsized granules, shear fabrics; often segregation of plant fragments to top INTERPRETATION Suspension fallout+/- shearing Traction by dilute turbulent wake Cohesive debris flow, locally modified by sand injection from beneath, and partly reworked at top Alternating lighter and darker sands, with loading at base of lighter layers; sheared dewatering pipes and sheets Transitional flow with intermittent turbulence suppression due to near-bed dispersed clay and internal shearing Isolated mudclasts surrounded by clean sandstone Graded to ungraded, structureless and dewatered, relatively clean sand, commonly with isolated floating mudclasts at top current Progressive aggradation beneath non-cohesive high-density turbidity devon From Haughton et al., 2009, Hybrid sediment gravity flow deposits - classification, origin and significance: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 26, p. 1900-1918.#13AAPG ACE2019 ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXHIBITION 19 22 May San Antonio, Texas Core axis/near-axis facies - dominated by debrites (paraconglomerates *) Core B Lateral Fringe Lateral Fringe Off-Axis Core B B' Axis Off-Axis ateral Fringe Core A Frontal Fringe Distal Fringe Core C LOVING LOWER ZONE WOLFCAMP UPPER MIDDLE ZONE A UPPER ZONE GAMMA-RAY (API) 0 250 Fig 128 Fig 19 F 10 100 ft 33 m Core A Off-Axis GAMMA-RAY (API) 250 Fig SA Fig SC Fig 16A Fig 168 Fig 16C Fig 14A Fig 13A Fig 148 Fig 138 Fig 15 Fig 18A single HEB Fig 114 Fig 118 Fig 188 Fig 12A Core C Distal Fringe GAMMA-RAY (API) Fig 88 * Conglomerate not formed from normal aqueous flow but rather through mass transport or glacial processes - clasts not necessarily in contact HEB FACIES Packstone (Ps/SLC/SLcl) Calcareous argillaceous siltstone (SLca) Calcareous silty mudstone (Mcs) Mudstone (Mm) From Kvale et al., in press, AAPG Bull. DEBRITE FACIES Paraconglomerate (Pc) Wackestone (Ws) Bioturbated mudstone (Mmx/Mdx) Bone Spring Fm. sands and silts devon 250 Gamma Ray (API) 10 ft 150 3 m Carbonate rock fragment ~Mudstone rock fragment Shear ~210 Dewatering pipe Pc Ps Is SL M 0202 Facies B Bioturbation 6 0.5 ft 15.24 cm Mm Mim Mm Mm (clast? matz Mm (clast!) Fig Mics clast! Pc (matrix) FE 16A Mas Fig 16B Pc matro Mm Mm (clast?) Po mating Fig 16C A 0.5 ft 15.24 cm P: (matrix) PC (matrix) Mm (clast) Mm Mm (clast) Pc matrix Mm (cast) Pe Imatric Fig 15 Pc (matr T Mm (clast) Mm (clast) Mim (clast) Mimx Mm Mm (dast) B Mm (clast") PC matrix Mm (clear) Pc (matrix)#14AAPG ACE2019 ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXHIBITION 19-22 May ⚫ San Antonio, Texas Image Log Resistive Conductive Image Log 90° 180° 270° 0° XX096. XX097 XX098. XX099 XX100 XX101 XX102 0° Core Core 90° 180° 270° 0° Clast ← Clast + - In situ Mudstone + In situ Mudstone Paraconglomerate with mud and carbonate clasts - image logs help to differentiate between clay clasts and background bedding Image Log Core Resistive Conductive Image Log Core P01 90° 180° 270° 0 90° 180° 270° 0° |XX151 Clast XX152, +Clast XX153 XX154 XX155, In situ Mudstone +Clast Clast? well bore annulus core XX156 In situ Mudstone Image Log#15AAPG ACE2019 ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXHIBITION 19 22 May San Antonio, Texas Lateral fringe - wackestones (muddy debrites) and some paraconglomerates (fewer than fan axis) 0 Core C Distal Fringe GAMMA-RAY (API) 250 Lateral Fringe Off-Axis Core B B' Axis Off-Axis ateral Fringe Core A Frontal Fringe Distal Fringe Core C OVING LOWER ZONE WOLFCAMP UPPER MIDDLE ZONE UPPER ZONE HEB FACIES Core B Lateral Fringe GAMMA-RAY (API) 0 250 Fig 128 Fig 19 100 ft 33 m Core A Off-Axis GAMMA-RAY (API) 250 ■Fig 8A single HEB Fig 114 Fig 118 Fig 188 Fig 164 Fig 168 Fig 16C Fig 12A Fig 14A Fig 134 Fig 148 Fig 138 Fig 15 Packstone (PS/SLC/SLCI) Calcareous argillaceous siltstone (SLca) Calcareous silty mudstone (Mcs) Mudstone (Mm) DEBRITE FACIES Fig BB Paraconglomerate (PC) Wackestone (Ws) Bioturbated mudstone (Mmx/Mdx) Bone Spring Fm. sands and silts devon Carbonate rock fragment Mudstone rock fragment Gamma Shear Facies Ray } Dewatering pipe (API) 150 Pc Ps Ws = 10 ft 3 m 0 ° 0 0 0 0 1° ° ° ° m Bioturbation 0 8 A 0.5 ft 15.24 cm 0.5 ft 15.24 cm Mmx Ws (clast Mmx (clast?) Ws clary matrix) Ws Ps (clast) Ws (clast) Mm Mcs Mm Clast? Ws clasti Mmx (clast) B#16AAPG ACE2019 ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXHIBITION 19-22 May San Antonio, Texas • Lateral fringe - wackestones and packstones are commonly stacked and appear to be genetically linked Suggests rheologically stratified flow 0.5 ft 15.24 cm Mm Mcs HF From: Sohn et al., 2002, Terra Nova, v. 15, no. 5, 405-415 DF WS Short red arrows (right-hand figure) point to possible fluid escape structures Ws = devon B 0.5 ft 15.24 cm Mm Ws Ws Ws SLca Mm Ws#17AAPG ACE2019 ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXHIBITION 19 22 May. San Antonio, Texas cm to meters inches to feet Idealised Wolfcamp HEB Clay and CO3% 0- TOC % Porosity% 100% 05 0 12 HEB Divisions H5-Structureless to faintly laminated organic siliceous mudstone, common plant fronds H3 upper-Structureless calcareous silty mudstone, organic-rich with occasional plant fronds and uncommon sheared dewatering structures H3 lower - Calcareous argillaceous siltstone with clotted texture and dewatering pipes; isolated dark gray mudstone clasts sometimes present H2 Alternating lighter and darker bands of packstone and silty wackestone H1- Structureless to laminated bioclastic packstone, isolated dark gray mudstone clasts common, occasional dish structures at the top Frontal to distal fringe - Dominated by mixed carbonate-siliciclastic hybrid event beds (HEBs); exhibit features very similar to siliciclastic HEBS Interpretation WFCP Facies Suspension fallout and/or hemipelagic settling Mm A B Cohesive flow with general absence of elutriation features Mcs Mm Mm (H5) Cohesive flow with sand-silt concentrations from dewatering and elutriation coupled with internal shearing from within unit (H5) Mcs SLca Mcs (H3u)_ (H3u)_ Transitional flow with turbulence suppression SLcl SLca (H31) SLca Progressive aggradation beneath turbidity current Ps/SLC (H31) Average Percent Hybrid Facies Dry, Pres Decay Facies Beds Code Clay Calcite Mudstone, dolomitic, bioturb. Mdx 17.2 3.0 Mudstone, massive, laminated H5 Mm 36.1 1.0 2.8 Mudstone, calc, silty/sandy H3U Mcs 24.6 18.9 3.8 Dolomite Other TOC 28.6 51.0 1.5 60.1 4.5 52.7 2.7 Perm mD Dry Helium Porosity SLcl (H2) 0.00223 6.3 Siltstone, calcareous, argillac. H3L Siltstone, calcareous/laminated H2 Packstone H1 SLca 22.3 22.0 SLcl 8.0 Ps/SLc 3.5 4.6 50.4 4.6 51.1 2.6 36.6 1.6 0.00289 0.00231 0.00240 10.6 8.1 Ps 6.9 (H1) 0.00096 5.0 72.0 1.5 23.0 0.9 2.3 From Kvale et al., in press, AAPG Bull. Germaropteris martinsii ייד 1 inch/ 2.5 cm 0.1 ft / 3 cm SLcl (H2)_ Ps (H1) Red circles indicate carbonate "coatings" that formed around terrestrial plant leaves 0.2 ft / 6 cm#18Core B AAPG ACE2019 ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXHIBITION 19 22 May. San Antonio, Texas HEBS vary in completeness of divisions Idealised Wolfcamp HEB Lateral Fringe Off-Axis Axis Core A Off-Axis ateral Fringe Frontal Fringe Distal Fringe Core C LOVING Core B Lateral Fringe H5/Mm GAMMA-RAY (API) 250 H3U/Mcs H3L/SLca H2/SLcl H1/SLc/Ps UPPER ZONE LOWER ZONE WOLFCAMP UPPER A MIDDLE ZONE HEB FACIES Fig 128 Fig 19 Core A Off-Axis GAMMA-RAY 100 ft 33 m питал (API) Fig SA 250 single HEB Fig 114 Fig 17 Fig SC Fig 16A Fig 168 Fig 1ZA Fig 16C Fig 14A Fig 134 Fig 148 Fig 138 Fig 15 Packstone (PS/SLC/SLCl) Calcareous argillaceous siltstone (SLca) Calcareous silty mudstone (Mcs) Mudstone (Mm) DEBRITE FACIES 0 Core C Distal Fringe GAMMA-RAY (API) 250 0.5 ft 15.24 cm Mmx Mmx SLC (H1) Mm (H5) Slca (H31) Mcs (H3u) Mm (H5) Mcs (H3U) Mcs (H3u) Mm, H5) SLC (H1) Mcs (H3u) Slca (H31) Sica (H31) SLC (H1) SLcl (H2) Removed Whole Core SLcl (H2) SLC/SLcl Mm (H5) Mcs (H3u) Mcs (H3u) SLcl (H2) Slca (H31) Mm (H5) Ps (H1) Mm (H5) Mcs (H3u) Slca (H31) Fig 118 Mcs (H3u) SLC (H1) Mm (H5) Fig 188 SLC (H1) SLcl (H2) Mm (H5) Mcs (H3u) Ps (H1) Slca (H31) SLCI(H2) Mcs (H3u) Mcs (H3u) Ps (H1) Tuff Mm (H5) Paraconglomerate (Pc) Wackestone (Ws) Slca (H31) Mcs (H3u) Slca (H31) Mm Bioturbated mudstone (Mmx/Mdx) Mmx Bone Spring Fm. sands and silts B devon#19HEB FACIES AAPG ACE 2019 ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXHIBITION 19 22 May San Antonio, Texas HEB facies can be recognized on image logs but need core to calibrate initially Mm(H5) Mcs/H3U Slca/H3L- SLC/H1- . The brighter (more resistive) the image log, the more carbonate within the facies • At least 4 facies can be distinquished in this image Packstone (Ps/SLC/SLcl) Calcareous argillaceous siltstone (SLca) Calcareous silty mudstone (Mcs) Mudstone (Mm) DEBRITE FACIES Mcs/H3U Mm(H5)/Mmx. Paraconglomerate (Pc) Wackestone (Ws) Bioturbated mudstone (Mmx/Mdx Resistive o Pad 1 90° Image Log 180° Bone Spring Fm. sands and silts devon Conductive 270° 0° 1 M.Depth (ft) Mmx Mcs Mmx Mcs XX476 Mm Mcs SLca Sle Mcs Mm Mcs Mmx SLca XX477 Mcs Mcs MSLC Mcs SLca Core image#20LOWER ZONE WOLFCAMP UPPER A MIDDLE ZONE UPPER ZONE HEB FACIES AAPG ACE2019 ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXHIBITION 19 22 May. San Antonio, Texas Fig 128 Fig 19 Fig 17 Fig 10 Core B Lateral Fringe GAMMA-RAY (API) 250 100 ft 33 m Core A Off-Axis GAMMA-RAY (API) single HEB 250 wwwwww Fig &C Fig 14A Fig 134 Fig 148 ■Fig 138 Packstone (PS/SLC/SLcl) Calcareous argillaceous siltstone (SLca) Calcareous silty mudstone (Mcs) Mudstone (Mm) Fig &A Wolfcamp fan facies summary Core C Distal Fringe GAMMA-RAY Lateral Fringe Ws -Mcs, Mm (API) 0 250 Fig 18A Fig 114 Fig 118 Fig 188 Fig &8 Distal Fringe Axis to Off-Axis Ps PC (CRF-rich) PC (Mudstone, clast-rich) SLca Mcs,Mm Ps PC (CRF-rich) Ws Mcs, Mm SLca PC (CRF-rich) Ps Lateral Fringe Core B Off-Axis Core A Abrupt fransition of facies Gradual transition of facies Frontal Fringe Distal Fringe Axis Frontal to Distal Fringe Lateral Fringe Ws Mcs, Mm, Mmx Core C Ps SLca Ps Axis to Off-Axis (core A) - Dominated by paraconglomerates (Pc) (debrites) - Debrites can be carbonate- or mudstone-clast rich - Relatively minor HEBS Turbidites are rare! Lateral Fringe (core B) Abundant wackestones (Ws) (muddy debrites) Debrites are rheologically stratified (linked Pc and Ws) - Fewer beds of Pc - Increase in mud- dominated HEBS over Off-axis core Frontal to Distal Fringe Dominated by HEBS Debrites are thin and uncommon - Bioturbation more Fig 16A Fig 168 Fig 16C Fig 12A ■ Fig 15 DEBRITE FACIES Paraconglomerate (Pc) Wackestone (Ws) Bioturbated mudstone (Mmx/Mdx) Bone Spring Fm. sands and silts From Kvale et al., in press, Facies variability within a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sea-floor fan (upper Wolfcamp Fm., Permian, Delaware Basin, New Mexico). AAPG Bull. devon common#21AAPG ACE2019 ANNUAL CONVENTION & EXHIBITION 19 22 May San Antonio, Texas Acknowledgements - - Devon Energy for permission to present Kim Sowder for assistance with graphics - Dr. Josh O'Brien for technical discussions - Mr. Sloan Anderson for Petrel image of Wolfcamp fan Additional information will be presented Tuesday afternoon 2-5 pm, P92, Pore System Characterization of Wolfcamp Lithofacies, Delaware Basin, J.J. O'Brien et al. devon Ta Tb T6 Te Mm Td? Mcs Tc Ws Ps One of two turbidites identified in the three cores used in the study - boundary between HEB and turbidite classification appears to be diffuse... 0.2 ft 6 cm 1926 SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology