Option Grant and Exercise Terms
Table of Contents
2021
As of Year Ended December 31,
2020
2019
(in thousands, except revenue per membership and percentages)
Change
2021 vs. 2020
Revenues
Paid net membership additions
$
3,266,601
$
2,372,300 $
1,469,521 $
894,301
38 %
7,140
9,259
5,626
(2,119)
(23)%
Paid memberships at end of period (1)
32,632
25,492
16,233
7,140
28 %
Average paying memberships
28,461
21,674
13,247
6,787
31 %
Average monthly revenue per paying membership
$
9.56 $
9.12 $
9.24
$
0.44
5 %
Constant currency change (2)
2 %
(1) A paid membership (also referred to as a paid subscription) is defined as a membership that has the right to receive Netflix service following sign-up and a
method of payment being provided, and that is not part of a free trial or certain other promotions that may be offered by the Company to new or rejoining
members. A membership is canceled and ceases to be reflected in the above metrics as of the effective cancellation date. Voluntary cancellations generally
become effective at the end of the prepaid membership period. Involuntary cancellations, as a result of a failed method of payment, become effective
immediately. Memberships are assigned to territories based on the geographic location used at time of sign-up as determined by the Company's internal
systems, which utilize industry standard geo-location technology.
(2) We believe constant currency information is useful in analyzing the underlying trends in average monthly revenue per paying membership. In order to
exclude the effect of foreign currency rate fluctuations on average monthly revenue per paying membership, we estimate current period revenue assuming
foreign exchange rates had remained constant with foreign exchange rates from each of the corresponding months of the prior-year period. For the year ended
December 31, 2021, our revenues would have been approximately $443 million lower had foreign currency exchange rates remained constant with those for
the
year ended December 31, 2020.
Cost of Revenues
Amortization of content assets makes up the majority of cost of revenues. Expenses directly associated with the acquisition, licensing and production of
content (such as payroll and related personnel expenses, costs associated with obtaining rights to music included in our content, overall deals with talent,
miscellaneous production related costs and participations and residuals), streaming delivery costs and other operations costs make up the remainder of cost of
revenues. We have built our own global content delivery network ("Open Connect") to help us efficiently stream a high volume of content to our members over
the internet. Delivery expenses, therefore, include equipment costs related to Open Connect, payroll and related personnel expenses and all third-party costs,
such as cloud computing costs, associated with delivering content over the internet. Other operations costs include customer service and payment processing
fees, including those we pay to our integrated payment partners, as well as other costs directly incurred in making our content available to members.
Cost of revenues
As a percentage of revenues
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2020
2019
Change
2021 vs. 2020
$
17,332,683
$
58 %
(in thousands, except percentages)
15,276,319 $ 12,440,213
61 %
$
2,056,364
13 %
62 %
The increase in cost of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2020 was primarily due to a $1,423
million increase in content amortization relating to our existing and new content, including more exclusive and original programming. Other costs of revenues
increased $633 million, primarily due to the continued growth in our content production activities, coupled with an increase in expenses associated with
streaming delivery costs and payment processing fees driven by our growing member base. The decrease in cost of revenues as a percentage of revenues from
61% to 58% is primarily due to delays in content releases due to the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in content amortization growing at a slower rate as
compared to the growth in revenue.
Marketing
Marketing expenses consist primarily of advertising expenses and certain payments made to our marketing partners, including consumer electronics
("CE") manufacturers, MVPDs, mobile operators and ISPs. Advertising expenses include
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