Bank Indonesia Policy Mix
Stronger Fundamentals Facing the Headwinds
Inflation Rate (%)
Inflation controlled within the target range
1998
2008
12.1
Sep 2021 5
1.60 (yoy)
1998
82.4
2008
18-Oct-21
IDR Movement (%)
IDR appreciated year-to-date
Foreign Reserves (USD bn)
Significantly higher than 1998 & 2008, ample to cover
8.6 months of import and external debt repayment
-197
-35
1998
17.4
2008
-0.43 (ytd)
Sep 2021
-300
-200
-100
0
1998
Non-Performing Loan/NPL (%)
NPL level (gross) is below the maximum threshold of 5%
30
2008
3.8
Aug 2021
3.35
0 5
10
15
20
20
External Debt (Public &
Private) to FX Reserve Ratio
Significantly lower than 1998 crisis
25
30
30
35
40
Government Debt/GDP
Consistently well-maintained
More Liquid Market (%)
Overnight interbank money market rate
is relatively lower
62
50.2
10.5
2.8
1998
2008
Sep 2021
External Debt/GDP
Higher than 2008, but significantly
lower than 1998
146.9
8.6x
3.1x
2.92x
100.0%
27.4%
41.38%
116.8%
33.2%
37.5%
2008 Aug 2021
2008
1998
Sep 2021
2008
Q2-2021
1998
1998
5554
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