Windsor Framework & Northern Ireland Protocol Overview
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Irish economy grew modestly in 2023
Consumption and employment growth still display resilience
Modified Domestic Demand broadly flat in Q3 2023 but
consumption still contributing positively
Domestic demand projected to grow 2.2% in 2023 after
growing by 9.5% in 2022
-5
-10
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15
10
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00
3
-3
-8
-15
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I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
2018 2019
2020 2021 2022
2023
2012
2014
2016
2018 2020 2022
2024
| Personal Consumption
Government Spending - Modified Domestic Demand
Modified Investment
Gníomhaireacht Bainistíochta an Chisteáin Náisiúnta
National Treasury Management Agency
Source: CSO
United States
United Kingdom
Source: CSO, OECD, Irish Department of Finance
Note: MDD for Ireland is modified for multinational activity by Ireland's Central Statistics Office (CSO). MDD = Consumption + Government
(current) spending + Modified Investment. Seasonal adjustment mean contributions do not always add up to MDD growth rate. For Ireland
we use modified domestic demand. For Euro Area we use Euro Area 17 per OECD data, which excludes Latvia, Lithuania and Croatia.
Ireland
Euro Area
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