Twitter Results Presentation Deck
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to U.S. GAAP financials, this presentation includes certain non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial
measures are in addition to, and not a substitute for or superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with
U.S. GAAP. As required by Regulation G, we have provided a reconciliation of those measures to the most directly comparable GAAP
measures in the Appendix.
A Note About Metrics
We define monetizable daily active usage or users (mDAU) as Twitter users who logged in or were otherwise authenticated and
accessed Twitter on any given day through Twitter.com or Twitter applications that are able to show ads. Average mDAU for a period
represents the number of monetizable DAU on each day of such period divided by the number of days for such period. Changes in
mDAU are a measure of changes in the size of our daily logged in or otherwise authenticated active user base. To calculate the
year-over-year change in mDAU, we subtract the average mDAU for the three months ended in the previous year from the average
mDAU for the same three months ended in the current year and divide the result by the average mDAU in the previous year.
Additionally, our calculation of mDAU is not based on any standardized industry methodology and is not necessarily calculated in the
same manner or comparable to similarly-titled measures presented by other companies. mDAU are calculated in the same manner as
DAU used in calculations for Change in DAU presented in previous periods.
We define monthly active usage or users (MAU) as Twitter users who logged in or were otherwise authenticated and accessed Twitter
through our website, mobile website, desktop or mobile applications, SMS or registered third-party applications or websites in the
30-day period ending on the date of measurement. Average MAU for a period represent the average of the MAU at the end of each
month during the period.
Certain metrics also include users that access Twitter through applications that automatically contact our servers for regular updates
with no discernible user-initiated action involved, which we refer to as third-party auto-polling MAU. This activity causes our system
to count MAUs associated with such applications as active users on the day or days such contact occurs. As of December 31, 2018,
fewer than 8.5% of MAUS may have been third-party auto-polling MAU. Third-party auto-polling does not apply to mDAU as mDAU
does not include users accessing Twitter through third-party applications.
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