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Punjab Forest Policy, 2019 The following is the brief description of different forest types of Punjab. Forest Resources in Punjab by %age ■ Coniferous ■ Scrub ■ Riverain 27% ■Irrigated Plantation ■Rangeland 9% 14% 9% 41% 2.1 Coniferous Forests The forest are chiefly characterized by the extensive growth of conifer tree species or commonly known as pine trees. These forests are located in Murree, Kahuta and Kotli Sattian tehsils of district Rawalpindi. The total forest area under the coniferous forests in Punjab is 144060 acres. The coniferous forests, based on height from sea level and species composition are divided into two types i.e. sub-tropical Chir Pine forest and Himalayan moist temperate forests. These forests are bounded in the east by river Jhelum, in the North West by province of KPK and in the south by sub-mountainous areas of Rawalpindi and Gujjar Khan tehsils. In sub-tropical Chir Pine forests Pinus roxburghii (Chir) forms practically the entire forest canopy. The individual tree height upto 120 feet with diameter of 2.6 feet are not uncommon. The western limits of the Chir forest are found in an elevation range of 3000 to 5500 feet above the sea level, precipitation is between 630 to 1500 mm/year mostly derived from south-eastern monsoon from July to September. The climatic conditions favour growth of the principal species i.e. Pinus roxburghii (Chir) in pure stands. In the upper most wet and cooler locations, Pinus wallichiana (Kail) and Quercus incana is also grown. The Himalayan most-temperate forest extends along the whole length of the outer ranges of the Himalayans at an elevation of 4500 to 10,000 feet. Precipitation is between 630 to 1500 mm/year. An appreciable amount of moisture is also received from the westerly disturbances during the winter and spring months in form of snow. The main coniferous species are Pinus wallichiana, Cedrus deodara, Picea smithiana and Abies pindrow, including broad leaf species of Quercus. The coniferous forest plays an important role in the watershed areas of dams. The presence of forest checks soil and water erosion and restrict the follow of silt in the water reserviors, thus, reducing the life of dams. In addition to afforestation of blank areas in these forests the department also undertakes various soil conservation measures. Since 1994, there is a complete ban of cutting of green trees from the coniferous forests. As a result, the density of coniferous has increased considerably. The trees which are dead and forests are removed from different parts of the forests and carried to Rawalpindi for subsequent disposal through auction after their conversion by the Timber Extraction Division of the department. 5 Page

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