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6 5 4 № 3 2 1 0 Croatia Turkey *All countries 2017 except Serbia 2015 and Croatia 2018 Pillar IV: Protecting People and Basic Services – education findings Figure 19. Public spending on education in % of GDP* Figure 20. PISA 2018 scores - 1600 1400 BiH Bulgaria Italy Serbia Greece Romania Source: Eurostat and UNDP • Generally low educational outcomes vs inputs and skills' gap • Only quarter of children in pre-schooling programs . • Estimates that 35% of students have inadequate equipment, internet access and/or learning space at home Lack of standards and experience regarding digital teaching content - relying on bottom up initiative Risk of inequitable access OECD average Italy Croatia Turkey Greece Serbia Romania Bulgaria 1200 489 468 472 468 452 448 426 424 415 416 1000 398 365 800 489 Science 487 464 454 451 448 430 436 600 430 437 406 Math 366 400 Reading 200 487 476 479 466 457 439 428 420 421 405 403 353 0 Montenegro Albania BiH Kosovo Source: OECD 33 13

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