Investor Presentaiton

IJMS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of MEDICAL STUDENTS MMSS 2015 s60 Abstracts Abstracts was to evaluate the effect of two types of music tempos on blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate among young adults in a medical college setting. Methods: The study was a single- blinded randomized controlled trial with sample size of 40 medical students, divided into two groups. Students were asked to listen to the songs for 7 minutes depending on which group they belonged: either fast tempo songs >120BPM or slow tempo 52-108BPM. Blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate were measured pre and post interven- tion. Results: After listening to slow tempo songs, there were signifi- cant reductions in mean systolic blood pressure (P-value = 0.01) and mean diastolic blood pressure (P-value <0.01). However, there were no difference in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure for fast tempo songs (P-value=0.07) and (P-value = 0.23) respectively. As for the heart rate, changes were insignificant (P-value>0.05 for both). Per contra, the only significant difference for respiratory rate was for the fast tempo songs (P-value<0.01) Discussion: The results showed that slow tempo songs causes reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This is further supported by a study conducted by Siritun- ga et al that demonstrates reduction in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of subjects after listening to classical Indian music. Conclusion: In conclusion, slow tempo music can be used in bringing down blood pressure of patients or subjects where applicable. 10 Influence of Body Mass Index on Visual Reaction Time. A Cross-sectional Analytical Study. Ngo Choon Wei Melaka Manipal Medical College Introduction: Visual system faces the daunting task of rapidly pro- cessing an enormous range of information in everyday perception; identifying items, determine layouts and guide action to them. Humans need an effective visual system for everyday exploration and interaction, more so in medical personnel, whereby visual re- action is vital for every case management. Objective: To determine the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Visual Reac- tion Time (VRT) in medical students. Methodology: Cross-sectional analytical study was done at Melaka Manipal Medical College bet- ween October-November 2014. We included 112 students without medical conditions including neurological disorders, cardiovascular disorders and diabetes. Subjects were asked to complete a standard questionnaire before having their height measured using calibrated measuring tape in Frankfort plane, and their weight measured using electronic weighing balance. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated using Quatelet Index, and categorized using Asian BMI. Visual Reac- tion time was recorded using validated Human Benchmark program. Results: Significant difference was seen in different groups in BMI, namely underweight, normal and overweight, with respect to visual reaction time. The other variables such as gender, ethnicity, caffeine consumption, fatigue level, exercise and handedness are not signi- ficantly associated with VRT. Discussion: BMI was found to be linked with the nerve conduction velocity, small fiber neuropathy, alteration of nerve inhibition capacity and causing abnormalities in myelination due to high levels of adipokines. Extreme BMI especially underweight persons experience a dysregulation in the hormone secretion could result in cognitive disorders. Conclusion: Underweight individuals have been shown to have prolonged median visual reaction time as compared to their normal and overweight BMI counterparts. Further study on this is needed as BMI may not correlate well with the body fat composition of subjects, for which we propose further study to use waist-hip ratio instead. 11 Effects of energy drinks on the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) among medical students of different races in Malay- sia: A Randomized Controlled Trial Adamlebbe Dulkifly, Nishalini Chandrasekaran, Hafez Amir Samia, Rowena Lau, Yong Yung Sze Melaka Manipal Medical College Introduction: Energy drinks are commercially available drinks contai- ning natural ingredients promoted by the manufacturers to improve performance, concentration, endurance and alertness. Several stu- dies have proven that energy drinks have a significant effect on car- diovascular and cerebrovascular system. However, minimal studies have been done to study the effect of energy drink onrespiratory sys- tem (RS). One of the method to assess RS is peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Objective: In this study, we aim to determine the effect of ener- gy drink on PEFR in healthy young adults. Methods: We performed a randomized, single-blinded study on a group of 40 young adults (20 males and 20 females). Participants were handed out questionnaires andthe drinks in an unlabeled styrofoamcup(355ml). Their initial pul- se rates were counted for 60 seconds immediately after consuming the drink. After 30 minutes, their level of alertness were tested, peak flow rate and pulse rate were measured. Results: Consumption of the energy drink led to an increase in PEFR (p<0.05) compared to the placebo group. There was no significant difference in the mean of the immediate pulse between the two groups (p>0.05). However, there was a significant increase in the pulse rate after 30 minutes of consuming the energy drink (p<0.05). Additionally, there was an increase in perception of energy level after consumption of both drinks (p<0.05); which was more significant in those who consumed the energy drink compared to the placebo (p<0.05). Conclusions: An increase in the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), pulse rate and per- ception of energy level was noted in young healthy individuals after consuming the energy drink. 12 Parental Bonding And Self Esteem Among Melaka Manipal Medical College Students Ong Jia Wen, Siti Nurr Syafeena Binti Rais, Nur Hanisah Bin- ti Abdul Halim, Nurmardhati Abyan Binti Mad Shah, Nurul Azleen Binti Abdul Aziz Melaka Manipal Medical College Introduction: The quality of the parent-child relationship has been argued to have a significant impact on the competence, resilience, and well-being of all individuals. Objective: This cross-sectional study was conducted to study the relationship between parental bonding and self-esteem among medical students in Melaka Manipal Medical College. Methods: The sample comprised of 168 respondents from Batch 28 and Batch 29 MBBS students. The data was obtained by using Parental Bonding Instruments by Gordon Parker, Hilary Tupling and L.B. Brown and Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale by Dr Rosenberg. Results: it is found that there is a significant relationship between parental bonding for both mother (p=0.00014) and father (p=0.00254) with self-esteem. Parents who are acceptance, approving, respon- sive and nurturing shows elevated perception of self-worth and competence among the students. In contrast, students subjected to less accepting parental practices (disapproving, unresponsive and uninterested) show low self-confidence, poor selfperception, and low self-esteem. Based on Parental Bonding Instrument, there are 4 types of parental styles namely affectionate constraint parenting (high care and high protection), affectionless control parenting (low care and high protection), optimal parenting (high care and low pro- tection) and neglectful parenting (low care and low protection). Opti- mal parenting has shown a strong association with high self-esteem among the students. Conclusion: Parents should be optimum in their parenting, ie. High care but low protection so that their children will have higher self-esteem. In medical profession, high self-esteem leads to better performance and interpersonal success which has been regarded as the utmost important quality as it enhances parti- cipation in social welfare and healthcare management. 13 The Anxiolytic Effects of Lavender Scent Among Medical Stu- dents: A Randomized Controlled Trial Ong Li Wen, Muhammad Haziq, Muhammad Farid, Nantha Ku- mar Melaka Manipal Medical College Introduction: Lavender(Lavandula angustifolia) is often recommen- ded for stress relief and believed to possess anxiolytic effects. Objectives: To assess the efficacy of lavender in reducing anxiety among medical students. Methods: A single-blinded randomized- controlled trial was conducted among Melaka Manipal Medical Co- llege students.40 participants were stratified into female and male groups, and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Intervention group were asked to enter an enclosed darkroom diffu- sed with lavender scent by using ceramic candle warmer with its upper compartment filled with lavender oil, while control group were asked to enter another room with same setting except that lavender oil has been replaced by plain water.Anxiety was induced by providing visual and auditory stimuli in video form.20-item State Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI-20) questionnaire was used to measure anxiety level.Pre and post-intervention heart rate and blood pressure were noted. The raw data collected was processed using Microsoft Excel 2003, analysed using Epi Info7 for Windows(7.1.3) and GraphPad software.Results were recorded as frequencies, means,standard deviation, and P values.A P value of,0.05 is significant. Results: STAI- 20 Score shows significant reduction in intervention group compared to the control group with P value of 0.011.Other results of change in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate show no significant association between intervention and control group with P value <0.05. Discussion: STAI-20 Score with P value 0.011 indi- cates lavender significantly reduce anxiety among participants. Our result is consistent with study done by Kutlu et al 2008. However, our result shows no significant effect of lavender on blood pressure and heart rate. Conclusion: Our study shows significant effect of lavender scent on reducing anxiety among medical students. In further stu- dies, we recommend a larger sample size and the use of other form of anxiety induced stimulus. 14 Ability of Noggin gene therapy to reduce heterotopic ossifica- tion in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva patients Prrinisha Kanabathy I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Introduction: Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) is an extre- mely rare disease. Mutation of an autosomal dominant allele in the gene, known as Activin A Receptor type 1 (ACVR1) causes the disease. The mutation causes fibrous tissue to be ossified spontaneously or when damaged. Inappropriate signaling by the mutated gene causes Bone Morphogenic Protein 4(BMP-4) to stimulate fibroproliferation of the mesenchymal stem cells, and provokes endochondral bone in- duction.This results in replacement of muscle and connective tissues into bones. The approach of Noggin gene therapy as a treatment helps to control heterotropic ossification by regulating the activity of BMP-4 in tissue. Objective: To develop an effective gene therapy that could inhibit BMP-4 induced heterotropic ossification. Methods: BMP- 4 induced heterotopic ossification was used as model to test the ability of the BMP-4 antagonist, Noggin, to block de novo bone forma- tion, either by local or systemic delivery. It duplicates the stages of FOP heterotopic ossification similar in human. Since Noggin acts loca- lly, a Noggin mutein, hNOGDeltaB2, was engineered. It was shown to circulate systemically, and its ability to block heterotopic ossification was tested in mouse model with the use of adenovirus-mediated somatic cell gene transfer. Results: BMP-4 induced mouse model de- veloped heterotopic ossification. Local delivery of wild Noggin inhi- bited heterotopic ossification, but in systemic administration it was ineffective. Systemic delivery of adenovirus encoding hNOGDeltaB2 resulted in systemic levels that persisted approximately more than two weeks, which was sufficient enough to block BMP-4 induced he- terotopic ossification. Conclusion: Delivery of Noggin mutien through gene therapy successfully inhibited the BMP-4 induced heterotropic ossification in mouse model.This is due to its mechanism, where Noggin is involved in controlling the process of ossification by regu- lating the concentrations of BMP-4 concentration in tissue through negative feedback mechanism. 15 An audit of compliance for the investigation of newly detec- ted M-proteins and the management of Monoclonal Gammo- pathy of Undetermined Significance Sugeeta Sukumar University of Manchester Introduction: Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a benign cloncal cell disorder with a potential become malignant and requires monitoring depending on stratified risk. Aim: A clinical audit was carried out to assess two areas: firstly, iden- tifying if patients are being appropriately referred and if a MGUS scoring system could be applied to improve referrals and predict malignancy; second part involves assessing the investigation and management of MGUS within the haematology department according to the risk stratified for each patient. Methods: 204 patients with newly detected monoclonal proteins were identified over a 6 month period between July and December of 2015 using online databases called Quadramed and Evolve and analysed. Results Audit identi- fied 19.4% of probable high risk patients were not referred and the scoring system developed had a high predictive value in this small sample group. A new system has been implemented in the immu- nology department to prevent under diagnosis of patients. However, further education of MGUS risk stratification needs to be considered within primary care. Majority of guidelines are being complied with but there is a poor compliance in performing urine electrophoresis and computed tomography (CT) scans. With regard to management, 8 high risk patients have been discharged as they were deemed to be borderline scenarios and 6 low risk patients remain under follow up due to concomitant haematological conditions. Frequency of fo- llow up needs to be standardized and carried out more frequently every 3-4 months which could be achieved using the telephone clinic service available. 16 Prevalence and Characteristics of Depressive Symptoms in University Students in Melaka, Malaysia: A Cross-sectional Study Tan Jin Rong, Chan Ya Tze, Khoo Veejie, Laviniya Naidu, Mu- hammad Rafik Faculty of Medicine, Melaka Manipal Medical College Introduction: Depression is an emerging health problem, with an es- timated 350 million people affected worldwide. Objectives: Our study aims to determine the prevalence and evaluate the characteristics of depressive symptoms among medical, law and pre-university. We perform an exploratory analysis to survey the relationships of depressive symptoms with several risk factors like gender, scholar- ship, housing and medical problems. Methods: An analytical cross sectional study was conducted on medical, law and pre-university students of two private institutions in Melaka, Malaysia, between September and October 2014. A total of 376 students participated in this study (MBBS= 142, Law= 129, Pre-U-105). They completed selfad- ministered questionnaires which included socio-demographic ques- tions and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) survey. Each item in the BDI can be further divided into 3 clusters: affective, cognitive and somatic. Statistical analysis was performed using post-hoc test for multiple comparisons and multiple logistic regression. Results: There were 162 (43.1%) students with depressive symptoms (BDI>9). Law students were found to be more depressed with the highest mean BDI score (11.7±8.7) compared to MBBS (8.4±8.1) and pre-university students (8.9±6.8). Affective, cognitive and somatic clusters were sig- nificantly higher among law students. For exploratory analysis of risk factors, law students and those staying in hostel were significantly more likely to develop depressive symptoms. Discussion: This is the first cross sectional study that directly evaluates the characteristics of depressive symptoms by applying clusters in Malaysia. Law stu- dents are more depressed might be due to law students' frequent fear of failure in an atmosphere of intensive competition, teaching method and emotionally abusive in law students. Students living in hostel alone are more likely to develop depression, this can be due to the loneliness they may be experiencing, as they have than been reported to be less happy, less satisfied and more pessimistic. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of depressive symptoms among law, medical and pre-university students. If detected early, students with depressive symptoms may be successfully managed with beha- vioral therapy, emotional support and interpersonal psychotherapy. 17 Randomized Controlled Trial Study: The Effect of Exercise On Reaction Time Tan Jo Lynn, Ting Teck Hing, NazrulShahabudin, Nabila Aiz- zuddin, Saranya Kathirvel Community Medicine INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of MEDICAL STUDENTS www.ijms.info • 2015 Vol 3 Suppl 1 www.ijms.info . 2015 Vol 3 Suppl 1 MMSS 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of MEDICAL STUDENTS S61