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26 Tertiary Education Types of institutions and qualification acquired Higher education institutions (HEIs) Institution ISCED level Length (years) Type of examination Degree awarded 5B 2 Conservatoire (art education) Tertiary professional 5B 3 (3.5) school Higher education institution - university and non-university type (Bachelor and Master's studies) Higher education institution-university type (Doctoral studies) Absolutorium Absolutorium DiS. (specialist with a diploma) (Bachelor/Bachelor of Art) 5A 1st cycle State examination Bc./BcA 3-4 and defence of a thesis (180-240 ECTS) 2nd cycle State examination 1-3 (or 4-6 in case of "long" non-structured courses) and defence of a thesis Specific state examination ("rigorózní zkouška") and defence of a thesis Mgr./MgA. (Master/Master of Art) Ing./Ing. arch. (for technical and economic branches/ in architecture) MUDr. (doctor of medicine), MDDr. (dentist), MVDr. (doctor of veterinary medicine) For Master degree holders after taking this type of examination: JUDr. (in law), PhDr. (in humanities, education and social sciences), RNDr. (in sciences), PharmDr. (in pharmacy). ThDr. (in theology) 6 3-4 State doctoral examination and defence of a thesis Ph.D. Th.D. (theology) Tertiary professional schools Tertiary professional schools provide students with practically oriented qualifications at the ISCED 5B level. Their aim was to fill the gap in qualification needs between secondary and tertiary education. These schools have mostly been attached to secondary technical schools and they still form a single legal entity with them. Only one fifth of them are independent entities. Their curriculum (educational programme) is prepared by the school and accredited by the MEYS. These schools can charge fees where the maximum level is regulated (together with other issues) by the Decree on Tertiary Professional Education. 180 tertiary professional schools with 29,335 students in 2011/2012 Higher education institutions (HEIs) provide tertiary education to ISCED 5A and 6 levels by organising accredi- ted study programmes, which are prepared by individual institutions/faculties and approved by the MEYS after a positive opinion from the Accreditation Commission. In addition to that, all higher education institutions carry out other activities such as research, development, artistic work and possibly other creative activities, as well as organising lifelong learning programmes. They are either of university (24 public, 2 state, and 3 private institutions in 2011) or non-university type facilities (2 public, 42 private institutions). The University of Defence and the Police Academy still remain state institutions, controlled by the relevant Ministries (Defence and the Interior). Private higher education institu- tions can only function as legal entities after obtaining the approval of the Ministry of Education which is based on the recommendation of the Accreditation Commission. Study at HEIs The school-leaving examination (maturitní zkouška) certificate is the minimum entrance qualification for all terti- ary education. Each institution decides on the number of enrolled students and determines its own admission criteria and the content of the entrance examination if required. In the admission proceedings foreigners must meet the same requirements as Czech students. Currently, higher education for Czech citizens is free of charge with a few exceptions (fees for administration of admission proceedings; for extending the duration of study beyond a set limit and for the study of an additional programme). Nevertheless, a system of provision of financial assistance to students will be prepared, which will allow for subsequent introduction of tuition fees. The Government plans to introduce since the academic year 2013/2014 financial participation of students in covering of the costs of their studies and as a regulatory instrument for higher education institutions. Foreign students study at higher education institutions under the same conditions as Czech students. If foreign students are taught in languages other than Czech they can be charged special fees set by the relevant institution. Private institutions of higher education may set their own fees and the law sets no limit on these. The structure of the academic year is decided by each institution. It usu- ally begins in September and is divided into two semesters: winter and summer, with a five-week examination period at the end of each semester. Study programmes are developed and submitted for accreditation. Programmes may be for Bachelor's, Mas- ter's or Doctoral studies and may be full-time, distance or a combination of both. The classification of fields of study corresponds essentially with the traditional classification of academic fields. The accreditation is granted by the MEYS based on an opinion of the Accreditation Commission, which was established by the government and whose members are prominent professors and scientists. Within the accreditation process decisions are also taken on the authorisation to award academic titles. The Accreditation Commission also carries out evalu- ation of faculties in the individual specialisations. Although the share of people with tertiary education has been quite low, the number of enrolled students and graduates has been increasing over the long-term perspective. In 2011 the share of people aged 30-34 with tertiary education was already 23.8% (as compared with 17.5% in 2009). With respect to the Europe 2020 objectives, the Czech Republic has announced plans for at least 32% of the population (aged 30-34) to have tertiary education by 2020. 27

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