Economic and Investment Outlook

Nearly all sectors back above 2019 levels There are clear signs of a tight labour market Job gains broad-based, with female employment up 12.9% compared to pre-pandemic, vs 8.7% for males Health Industry ICT Prof, sci, tech Public admin Wholesale/retail Education Fin, ins, RE Construction Transpo & storage Other Admin serv Hotel & rest Ag, fish, forestry Q1 2023 vs Q4 2019 0 No. of Persons 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 321012 Labour force has grown 10% since 2019 but indicators* -1 -2 -3 2000 suggest a very tight labour market Slack Tightness 2005 2010 2015 2020 - Employment to Population Ratio, 25-54 Years (inverted) Unemployment Rate Job Vacancies to Unemployment (inverted) - Vacancy Rate (inverted) Gníomhaireacht Bainistíochta an Chisteáin Náisiúnta National Treasury Management Agency Male Female Source: CSO Source: CSO *All four indicators are standardised and measure the historical variation from "normal". The results can be read similar to a Z-score. 13

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