Agroforestry Systems in Baucau
These agrarian landscapes also result from a
History
PORTUGUESE COLONISATION
<1900 Knua on top of the
mountains or hills - individual
kingdom and barter system
dominate
1918: Portuguese « pacification
campaign » 1st centralisation of
people into suco and aldeas
→ Communal plantations (coconut,
teak, betelnut...) and agriculture
intensification to pay portuguese
tax (forced labour)
→ Chinese trade intensification
INDONESIAN OCCUPATION
1975 Abandon of fields and livestock-
population flee to the mountains
1980's displacement of people in new
administrative centers sometimes far
from people's land
→ 2nd agriculture intensification with
equipment subsidies and technical
trainings, development of new value
chain (ex: candlenut), infrastructure,
change in eating habits.
→ Deforestation to reconstruct village
and reflorestation with valuable trees
(palm, fruit trees, timber trees....).
→ Living in terror (massacre, exactions,
threats...)
INDEPENDANCE
2000's: Return to the knug and
reconstruction of sacred places.
Reducing agricultural subsidies and join
IMF, development of Gmelina
plantation
2008 Resumption of equipment
subsidies for certain species and crops
in partnership with international
organization (timber trees,
horticulture, selected corn and rice...).
→ Gradual reduction of rice growing
areas (rice crisis? Youth exodus to
other countries?)
Rehabilitation of roads and
electricity linkage
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