Investor Presentaiton

Upstream is best positioned-LHDS & Shuanghuan RV (rotary vector) vs. harmonic speed reducer Upstream includes three core components - controlling systems, servo systems and speed harmonic speed reducers Product Producer Technical characteristics Product performance Application scenarios RV reducer Nabtesco, Zhejiang Shuanghuan The transmission is achieved by multi-stage reduction (the front stage of the planetary gear reducer and the back stage of the cycloidal-pin wheel reducer), which consists of more components. Harmonic reducer HD, LHDS The motion is transmitted through the elastic deformation of the flex spline, which is mainly composed of three core components: the flex spline, the circular spline and the wave generator. Compared with RV and other precision reducers, the material, size and weight of the harmonic reducer are largely reduced. Large size, high load capacity and high stiffness. Small size, high transmission ratio and high precision. Generally used in multi-joint robots where heavy Generally used in small arm, wrist or hand of the robot. loads are placed on the base, arm, shoulder, etc. Heavy-load robots with RV reducers are Terminal market commonly used in the automotive, transportation, and port industries. RMB 5,000-8,000/unit. Price range RV reducer market share in China Robots with load of <=30 kg with harmonic reducers are commonly used in the 3C, semiconductor, F&B, injection molding, molding, and medical industries. RMB 1,500-5,000/unit. Harmonic speed reducer market share in China as of 2021 60% 40% 35% 50% 30% 40% 25% 30% 20% 15% 20% 10% 10% 5% 0% 0% Nabtesco Zhejiang ZhongDa Sumitomo Nantong Qinchuan Shuanghuan Leader Zhenkang Others Harmonic Drive LHDS Shimpo Laifu Xiebo FD Robot Han's Motion Others 2020 2021 2020 2021 Source: Huaon, Leadleo Research Institute, Macquarie Research, May 2023 5

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