Russian Forestry and Wood Supply Operations Analysis
URAL FEDERAL DISTRICT
TYUMEN OBLAST
Tyumen Oblast:
Spanning the Breadth of the Land
Large-scale forest enterprises
of the Tyumen Oblast
(without KhMAO-Yugra)
Adonis-Interior, ZAO
Karsikko Dom, 000
Krasny Oktyabr, DOK, OAO
Siblesprom, PKF, OOO
Tyumen Plywood Plant, 000
Tyumen Pyrolysis Works, 000
Zarechje, OAO
Sibzhilstroi, 000
Moktka
OBLAST
SVERDLOVSK
F
mous
KHANTY-MANSI AUTONOMOUS KRUG-YUGRA
Tavda
Nizhnyaya Tayda
TYUMEN
OP.351
Tugulyn
Intedi, OOO
Zagros, ZAO
Uporovo Furniture Plant, OAO
96
#6 (2015) RUSSIAN
FORESTRY
P-354
P-402
Tobolsk
Tobol
P-404
Dem'yanskoye
Settlement Vinziff
Yalutorovsk
Závodoukovsk
Golymshanovo
Uporovo
KURGAN
M-51
KURGAN
OBLAST
Makushino
Ishim
Kara
OMSK OBLAST
Vikulovo
Ishim
Tyukalinsk
Nazyvaevsk
KAZAKHSTAN
Isil'kul'
Petropavlověk
P-402
Zagros JSC
{Tyumen Oblast is the only Russian region that extends from the Arctic Ocean to the state border with
Kazakhstan in the south. The Oblast belongs to the Ural Federal District.
Tyumen Oblast occupies 1,435,200 km² and is
Russia's third largest region (after Yakutia and
Krasnoyarsk Territory). It comprises Khanty-Mansi
Autonomous Okrug and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous
Okrug. It should be noted that the autonomous
okrugs, formally parts of Tymen Oblast, are however
independent and equal-right constituents of the
Russian Federation with their own governors and
governments.
The region extends 2100 km from north to
south and 1400 km from west to east. It has a
population of 3.5 million. Its capital is Tyumen,
with a population of 609,000. The distance from
Tyumen to Moscow is 2144 km.
GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
The Oblast along with the autonomous okrugs
occupies the largest part of the West Siberian
Plain. The northernmost point of the region is
Cape Skuratov in the Yamal Peninsula, and the
southernmost one is the Sladkovo District on the
border with Kazakhstan. The Oblast is located on
several natural zones: mixed forest and wooded
steppe, taiga, tundra, wooded tundra and arctic
wilderness.
The region's largest rivers are the Ob and the
Irtysh; it has about 70,000 lakes.
The climate is temperate in the center and south,
and arctic and subarctic in the north. The frozen
season varies from 130 days a year in Tyumen to
210 days in the north.
RESOURCES
The main part of Russia's oil and gas
reserves is concentrated in Tyumen Oblast.
The most important oil fields are Samotlor,
Kholmogorskoye, Krasnoleninskoye, and
Fedorovskoye; the main gas fields are Urengoi,
Medvezhye, and Yamburg. According to expert
estimates, rich hydrocarbon zones are located
in the Gydan Peninsula and the Kara Shelf of
the Yamal zone; The development of the Uvat
group of oil fields in the south of the Oblast
is deemed to have great potential.
In addition, the region produces peat, sapropel,
quartz sand, brick and keramzite clays, limestone,
and building stone. About 400 deposits of raw
materials for construction have been discovered
and are in various degrees of exploration.
TRANSPORT
The Trans-Siberian Railway extends across the
region, with the Oblast's largest cities along it,
such as Tyumen, Yalutorovsk, Zavodoukovsk, and
Ishim. The density of hard surface public roadways
is 44.3 km per 1000 m² (the average Russian
indicator is 3.1).
Roschino, Tyumen's main airport, has international
status. In all, 20 air companies offering flights
on local, Russian and international air lines are
registered in Tyumen Oblast.
River traffic is well-developed in the region. For
several communities, rivers offer the only means
of transport, especially where cargo traffic is
concerned. The main ports are in Tyumen and
Tobolsk.
ECONOMY
Tyumen Oblast is Russia's greatest oil and gas
producing region; 63% of Russian oil and 91%
of is produced there.
gas
In terms of industrial production output, the
Oblast is No. 1 in Russia. The fuel industry
accounts for 86.4% of industrial output;
Russia's largest facility in this sector, Tobolsk
Petrochemical Plant, is located in the region.
Oil and gas reserves also determine the
development of other sectors. For instance,
the main segments of machine building (which
accounts for 3.6% of industrial output) are
oil production, exploration, and oil refining
equipment.
For the same reason, the energy sector is well
developed in the region. Regional powerplants
located in Tyumen Oblast work on associated gas
and provide the oil and gas sector of Khanty-Mansi
Autonomous Okrug with electric power.
FOREST RESOURCES
The total area of forest resources in Tymen Oblast
(minus the Autonomous Okrugs) is 11,389,200
hectares, i.e. 71% of the region's area.
The forests are in the taiga and wooded steppe
zone, and may be subdivided into two parts, the
West Siberian southern taiga plainland with a
total area of 7,862,297 ha and the West Siberian
subtaiga wooded steppe with a total area of
3,526,903 ha.
In terms of usage, the forests of Tyumen Oblast
may be subdivided into protected (1,164,900 ha)
and commercial (10,224,300 ha). The region has
no allocated reserve forests.
The age and species composition of the Tyumen
Oblast woods is not particularly diverse, this
is related to the climatic and soil conditions.
Hardwood species predominate in the forests in
the south of the Oblast, with birch dominating. To
the north, the proportion of softwood increases.
Pine is the dominant species there.
Mature and old growth stand is the dominant
age group (43% for softwood and 45.2% for
hardwood), next in descending order are
medium-age stands (27.2% for softwood
and for hardwood 29.5%), ripening (16.9%
for softwood and 15.8% for hardwood), and
young stand (12.8% for softwood and 10.7%
for hardwood). Such distribution of forests by
age group is a result of the poor development
of the allowable cut.
The total forest stand reserve is estimated at
943,950,000 m³. The reserves of hardwood and
brushwood predominate, making 63% of the total
stand; the proportion of softwood stand is 37%.
The commercial reserve of the mature and old
growth stand of commercial forests in Tyumen
Oblast is 487,580,000 m³. Of these, softwood
species, having the highest commercial value,
account for 34.6% of the commercial stand, and
hardwood, for 65.4%. The largest commercial
reserve of softwood is in those forestries of
Tyumen Oblast where there are no logging
roads.
The main problem of forest management in
Tyumen Oblast (minus the autonomous okrugs)
is obsolete forest engineering materials. In 77%
of the region's forestries, no forest maintenance
has been carried out over the last 10 years.
Tyumen Oblast has quite a dense network of
roads, of both federal and regional level. However,
the situation is not so good in terms of forestry
accessibility: the actual availability of logging
roads is a mere 2.7 km per 1000 ha. About 70% of
the forest land area is accessible only to aviation
and firefighting facilities. The construction of
year-round logging roads is not planned for this
hard-to-access, marshy terrain. Timber harvesting
and cargo delivery in such areas is done in winter,
and the roads built for this (winter trails) are
temporary.
The greatest commercial reserve of softwood, with
pine predominating, is in the Uvat (5,348,000
m³) and Tobolsk (1,513,100 m³) forest districts.
However, they are very poorly supported with
transport infrastructure, and they have no road
network for timber haulage. Therefore, the largest
reserves of Tyumen timber are hard to access
today.
FORESTRY AND TIMBER SECTOR
The share of the forestry and timber sector in the
industrial production structure of Tyumen Oblast is
a mere 2%. This is, however, quite understandable
for Russia's largest oil and gas producing region.
The facilities of the Sector do not cover the
region's needs in full. Statistics show that up
to 70% of hi-tech timber processing products is
imported to Tyumen Oblast from other regions
of the Russian Federation or from abroad. The
products of just few large and medium facilities of
the region's timber sector are widely represented
on the Russian market, and very few of these
export their products abroad.
According to the Forestry Plan of Tyumen Oblast,
the allowable cut for the region in general is
14,182,400 m³, but currently only 6.5% percent
is exploited, of which 3.7%. by forestry lot
RUSSIAN #6 (2015)
FORESTRY
97View entire presentation