VSM Data Analysis and Cultural Value Constructs
Definitions of the values
• PD is defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organisations
within a society expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. For example in collectivist
societies such as PNG & Asia there is a greater distance between the boss and subordinate than in
Individualistic society such as US and Australia.
• IDV stands for a society in which the ties between individuals are loose and a person is expected
to look after himself or herself and his or her immediate family only (e.g. western societies like
US, etc); whereas collectivism stands for a society in which people from birth onwards are
integrated into strong, cohesive in-groups, which continue to protect them throughout their
lifetime in exchange for unquestioning loyalty (non-western societies like PNG, Africa, Asia, etc).
• MAS stands for a society in which social gender roles are clearly distinct: men are supposed to be
assertive, tough, and focused on material success; women are supposed to be more modest,
tender, and concerned with the quality of life (e.g. non-western societies). Femininity stands for a
society in which social gender roles overlap: both men and women are supposed to be modest,
tender, and concerned with the quality of life (e.g. western societies).View entire presentation