American Petroleum & CO2 Segment Overview
Reliable, Long-Duration Storage is Critical in Peak Demand Periods
KINDER MORGAN
DAILY AVERAGE OF WEEK-OVER-WEEK
CHANGES IN U.S. WORKING GAS bcfd
■send-out ■build
20
-20
-40
-60
-80
Jan-2012
0
2014 polar vortex
~41 bcfd
Jan-2013
Jan-2014
Jan-2015
Jan-2016
Jan-2017
bcfd
Uri
2018 polar
vortex ~51
~48 bcfd
Jan-2018
Jan-2019
Peak weather events have historically required
40-50 bcfd of natural gas storage send-out
Jan-2020
Jan-2021
Jan-2022
Jan-2023
DAILY POWER EQUIVALENT TWh per day
6.1
50 bcfd natural gas
storage send-out
2050 U.S. APS forecasts only
~1.5 TWh of daily battery
capacity
Reliability is critical during these
weather events & batteries would
have to be recharged the
following day - assuming
weather conditions permit
1.5
U.S. 2050 battery
capacity under APS
Left: EIA Weekly Underground Natural Gas Storage Report. KM analysis.
Right: Based on IEA data from the IEA (2022) World Energy Outlook, World Energy Outlook 2022 - Analysis - IEA. All rights reserved; presentation modified by Kinder Morgan (data unchanged). APS = Announced Pledges Scenario.
Note: Battery equivalent based on natural gas energy converted terawatt hours (TWh) at 0.29 TWh per day per 1 bcfd; then, energy storage converted into power equivalent using assumed 42% efficiency rate of a natural gas peaker
plant. Battery storage capacity assumes 4-hour duration by multiplying capacity by 4. IEA utility-scale battery storage assumptions range from one to eight hours.
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