An Overview of Fiscal and Public Debt Dynamics

CPI: cross-country comparison CPI Inflation rates for major items (July 2023, YoY) (YOY, %) 12.0 US UK (% Food Gasoline (% Electricity . Germany EU 10.0 • China Japan 16.0 5.0 10.0 1.1 14.0 0.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 6.7 12.0 -7.7 -5.0 3.0 0.0 10.0 8.0 -10.0 -19.9 -24.9 14.9 -15.0 6.0 11.6 8.8 -10.0 -20.0 4.0 -25.0 2.0 3.6 -2.0 2020 14 7 10 14 7 10 1 4 7 10 14 7 10 14 7 2019 0.0 2021 2022 2023 Japan ՏՈ EU UK -30.0 Japan ՏՈ EU UK -20.0 -0.5 Japan US EU UK (Source) Bloomberg, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, United States Department of Labor, Eurostat, Office for National Statistics (UK) 4

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