Windsor Framework & Northern Ireland Protocol Overview

Borrowing costs anchored Ultra-low rate era over but Ireland used the period well NTMA issued €42.5bn MLT debt in 2020/21 at 12.8 yr. weighted maturity and avg. rate 0.19% Vast majority of Irish debt is fixed rate at average cost of 1.5% 30 5.5 25 3.9 20 2.8 6 7 60 4 3.2 5 €15 3 do 4 10 1.5 2 m 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.9 5 1 0.2 0.2 2 0 0 1 1 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 Syndication, Ihs Average yield, rhs Auction, Ihs Average Interest Rate Source: CSO Source: NTMA Gníomhaireacht Bainistíochta an Chisteáin Náisiúnta National Treasury Management Agency Note only auctions and syndication * EU data is EU as an issuer 37 37

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