Investor Presentaiton
MORGAN STANLEY BANK ASIA LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Year ended 31 December 2020
24.
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED)
Credit risk (continued)
Credit risk management (continued)
Risk Mitigation
The Credit Risk Management Department may seek to mitigate credit risk from its lending and treasury
activities in multiple ways, including collateral provisions and hedges.
In connection with the Company's Wealth Management business, the Company relies on the use of
collateral to manage credit risk. The amount and type of collateral required by the Company depends on
an assessment of the credit risk of the obligor. Collateral held is managed in accordance with the
Company's guidelines and the relevant underlying agreements. Collateral is primarily publicly traded
debt and equity securities, as well as a small amount of other collateral including unlisted securities,
notes, mutual funds and insurance policies that fulfill the risk management requirement of being valuable
and realisable at short notice.
In connection with the Company's derivatives activities with other Morgan Stanley Group undertakings,
the Company generally enters into master netting agreements and collateral arrangements with
counterparties. These agreements provide the Company with the ability to demand collateral, as well as
to liquidate collateral and offset receivables and payables covered under the same master agreement in
the event of a counterparty default.
In connection with securities purchased under agreements to resell transactions, the Company manages
credit exposure arising from such transactions by, in appropriate circumstances, entering into Global
Master Repurchase Agreements with counterparties that provide the Company, in the event of a
counterparty default, with the right to net a counterparty's rights and obligations under such agreement
and liquidate and set off collateral held by the Company against the net amount owed by the counterparty.
Under these securities purchased under agreements to resell transactions, the Company receives
collateral, including US government securities. The Company also monitors the fair value of the
underlying securities as compared with the related receivable or payable, including accrued interest, and,
as necessary, requests additional collateral to ensure such transactions are adequately collateralised.
Exposure to credit risk
The maximum exposure to credit risk ("gross credit exposure") of the Company as at 31 December 2020
and 31 December 2019 is disclosed below, based on the carrying amounts of the financial assets and the
maximum amount that the Company could have to pay in relation to unrecognised financial instruments,
which the Company believes are subject to credit risk. The table includes financial instruments subject
to ECL and not subject to ECL. Those financial instruments that bear credit risk but are not subject to
ECL are subsequently measured at fair value. Exposure arising from financial instruments not recognised
on the statement of financial position is measured as the maximum amount that the Company could have
to pay, which may be significantly greater than the amount that would be recognised as a liability.
Where the Company enters into credit enhancements, including receiving cash and security as collateral
and master netting agreements, to manage the credit exposure on these financial instruments the financial
effect of the credit enhancements is also disclosed below. The net credit exposure represents the credit
exposure remaining after the effect of the credit enhancements.
Collateral and other credit enhancements
The Company employs a range of policies and practices to mitigate credit risk, the most common being
acceptance of collateral for funds advanced. The main types of collateral held are cash and marketable
securities. The Company has internal policies on the acceptability of specific classes of collateral or
credit risk mitigation.
The market value of securities received as collateral is monitored on a daily basis and securities received
as collateral generally are not recognised on the statement of financial position. The Company monitors
the creditworthiness of counterparties on an ongoing basis and requests additional collateral in
accordance with collateral arrangements when deemed necessary.
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