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Investor Presentaiton

Climate 2020, 8, 46 magnitude 4×10% a) Beet Yield 3x10 2x10 1x10 magnitude 10- 30 b) Sugar Content 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 magnitude cycles 0.8+ 0.6-1 0.4 0.2- c) HTC 5 10 15 20 25 cycles cycles Figure 7. The time series of (a) sugar beet yield (tons ha¯¹), (b) sugar content (%) of the beets, and (c) HTC (mm °C¹) converted to wave space using a Fourier transform. The abscissa (ordinate) is cycles 59 y¹ (spectral power). The units of the transformed quantity (ordinate) are the square of those in the time series. The blue dotted (green dashed) lines are the 95% confidence level curves using [30] assuming a white (red) noise spectrum. We have identified variability in the dynamics of the beet sugar content in the Belgorod region in connection with the observed climate change and variability during the period under review. However, there is also a strong negative correlation between sugar beet yield and sugar content of the beets. The spectral analysis of sugar beet content has significant variability for the periods of three, six to eight, 10, and 20 years as above, while the cross-spectral analysis with sugar beet yield showed significant peaks at wave numbers seven, 10, 14, and 23 corresponding to strong interannual variability in the two-to-eight-year time frame (Figure 8c). Thus, the sugar beet content and yield vary inversely and these two quantities are related to the interannual climate variability (ENSO) of the region. These results can also be used in planning for short term (a few decades) future climatic conditions and variability as projected using general circulation models (e.g., [42]). A comparison of these results to those of other studies demonstrates that the production of sugar beets is limited strongly by weather and climate (e.g., [15]) since water demand for this crop is not typically met by precipitation alone. The mean production worldwide has been about 58 tons ha‍¹ [43], and according to this source, a good yield is 40-60 tons ha¯¹. The yields for the Belgorod Region during this study were about 11 – 42 tons ha¯¹. Since 2010, yields in this region have been close to the lower bound of a "good" yield (Figure 6), in spite of the fact that climatologically this region would not be as favorable as those in other parts of the world. Thus, the impact of technology on sugar beet yield 11 of 16
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