Investor Presentaiton
Energies 2019, 12, 3658
18 of 37
The OTEC technologies are limited to the use of closed and open cycle and hybrid systems with a
tendency of deploying the closed cycle method. Tidal range energy is traditionally harnessed using
tidal barrages installed in the estuaries, but this method is associated with important environmental
issues. The use of tidal lagoons has been proposed and developed in the UK since 2008 as an alternative
to reducing such environmental issues [168]. The technology for extracting the salinity gradient energy
is still in the conceptual stage of development, and its evolution is highly dependent on membrane
enhancement, which will be responsible for 50% to 80% of the total cost [182].
Pre-deployment
26.70%
Operational
Decommissioned
20.84%
8.43%
In planning
23.65%
Dormant
6.32%
Early concept
14.05%
Figure 11. Global status of the ocean renewable energy projects.
Submerged Pressure Differential Tidal Barrage Tidal Lagoon Closed Cycle Open cycle Hybrid
0.23%
4.92%
2.34%
2.11%
Rotating Mass
1.64%
Overtopping
Device
0.94%
Other
2.58%
Oscillating
Wave
Surge
Converter
5.62%
Oscillating
Water
Column
5.85%
Point Absorber
19.20%
Attenuator
5.39%
Vertical Axis Turbine
11.48%
Current
OTEC
Tidal Range
Salinity Gradient
0.94% 0.47%
Membranes
0.70%
Horizontal Axis Turbine
32.55%
Wave
Oscilatory
Hydrofoils
0.94%
Tidal Kite
1.87%
Venturi Efect Turbine
Figure 12. Technology distribution among projects.
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