Indian Constitutional Amendments and State Formations
MAJOR AMENDMENTS
1951: The 1st Amendment
places reasonable curbs on
free speech and created the
9th Schedule that protects
laws from judicial scrutiny. In
2007, the SC ruled that if
those laws violated the basic
tenets of the Constitution
then they can be struck down.
1956: The 7th Amendment
paves the way for
1961: After the 12th
Amendment, the former
Portuguese colonies of Goa,
Daman and Diu becomes part
of India. In 1975, the 35th and
36th Amendments made
Sikkim a part of the Indian
union.
1971: The 26th Amendment
sees the abolition of
privy-purse paid to former
rulers of princely states.
1975: The 39th Amendment
negates the judgment of
Allahabad High Court
invalidating then PM Indira
reorganisation of states along Gandhi's election to
linguistics lines.
1960: The 8th Amendment
extends the period of
reservation of seats for SCs,
STs and Anglo-Indians in Lok
Sabha and state assemblies
till 1970. Since then, it has
been extended every decade.
In 2006, the 93rd Amendment
allows 27% quota for OBCs in
govt and private educational
institutions.
parliament, which partly
prompted the declaration of
Emergency.
1976: The 42nd Amendment
passed during Emergency
curbs fundamental rights,
imposes some fundamental
duties and also adds the
words 'secular' and 'socialist'
to the Preamble
1977-78: The 43rd and 44th
Amendments restore civil
Divya Gupta
liberties post-Emergency and
remove the Right to Property
from Fundamental Rights.
1985: The 52nd Amendment
allows disqualification of
lawmakers in case of
defection from one party to
another.
1988: The 61st Amendment
lowers the voting age
from 21 to 18.
1992: The 73rd and 74th
Amendments provide for
direct election in Panchayats
and urban local bodies.
2002: The 86th Amendment
provides for Right to
Education till the age of 14
and early childhood care till
the age of six.
2014: The 99th Amendment
creates the National Judicial
Appointment Commission. SC
strikes it down in 2015.
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