Optimizing Design and Controls for Thermal Energy Storage

T fin Device Optimization High temperature fluid inlet Liquid PCM Thermal load Solid PCM Woods et al. 2021 Operational Power requirement (C-rate) Fluid temperature difference Cutoff Temperature Initial storage temperature Geometry Heat transfer fluid tube spacing Tube thickness Porosity of composite additives Material Tfout Low temperature fluid outlet PCM latent heat capacity PCM transition temperature PCM and composite additive densities Thermal conductivities of PCM and composite additives Material Costs Design Objectives Maximize Volumetric Energy Density [kWh/m³] Minimize Upfront Costs [$/kWh] Minimize Levelized Costs of Storage [$/kWh]

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