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Circular Economy for PV Sustainability MANUFACTURING USE (RELIABILITY) REDUCE MATERIAL AND PRODUCT DESIGN REMANUFACTURE RESOURCE EXTRACTION RECYCLE REUSE/ REPURPOSE 目 WASTE Q CYCLE REUSE RECOVERY CI = 1 - Mass of the product Virgin Material Waste V + W -WR(x) 2M + Σx 2 WF(x) Waste from recycling process Waste from Feedstock & Manufacturing Where's the Energy? Saidani et al. A taxonomy of circular economy indicators. J. of Cleaner Production. 2019. Smith and Jones. "Circularity Indicators: An Approach to Measuring Circularity: Methodology." Ellen MacArthur Foundation. 2019. COLORADO SCHOOL OF MINES ONREL | 3

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