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industry, and he and his wife left their Kremlin apartment for one close by on Lenin Hills. 233
Ultimately, Kaganovich's political life, ended in 1961 when he was dismissed from his role as
the manager of the Ural Potash Works and then dismissed from the Party itself.234 Kaganovich
describes his life after the Party as going back to square one, “to live as before the revolution.”235
He describes his fondness for conversations with fellow Muscovites and his pleasure in
answering questions from those who would gather to speak with him. This served as
contribution to what he calls the "warm and friendly attitude towards me and those who
"236
surrounded and encouraged me.' He concludes that despite his removal from the Party and
political life, life was good because he was able to communicate with others and he once again
felt like "an old propagandist-agitator for the Party, for Marxism-Leninism, and for socialism-
communism."237
Kaganovich's removal from the Party because of his refusal to denounce Stalin, among
other reasons, is testament to his lifelong commitment to Stalin and Bolshevism. Kaganovich's
last words in his memoir also affirm this. He writes:
The enemies of socialism are not interested in humanity, about which they falsely clamor
We will overcome difficulties if we fight the enemies of socialism, without admitting,
of course, mistakes and lawlessness. Only by rallying all the ordinary people, first of all
the working class, on the basis of an ideological and principled line, will we overcome all
difficulties and move forward to the complete victory of Socialism, and then
Communism!238
233 Ibid.
234
235
Ibid, 261.
Kaganovich, Pamiatnye zapiski, 13.
236 Ibid.
237 Ibid.
238
Kaganovich, Pamiatnye zapiski, 526.
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