Investor Presentaiton

10 INVESTOR-STATE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT: A SEQUEL 3. Obligation of a tribunal to refer certain matters to the contracting parties... 140 4. Intervention by non-disputing Party. 141 O. Available remedies.. .143 P. Costs of arbitration .145 1. Arbitrator fees 146 2. Cost allocation: arbitral rules and practice. .147 3. Cost allocation: IIA provisions 149 Q. Review of arbitral awards........ .150 1. Set-aside in national courts of non-ICSID Convention awards .151 2. Annulment of ICSID Convention awards .153 R. Enforcement of arbitral awards ..156 S. MFN clause: impact on ISDS ......162 T. "Umbrella" clauses and appropriate ISDS forums...164 1. Varying interpretations... ...165 2. Treaty solutions..... ..167 III. OUTLOOK AND POLICY OPTIONS. A. Improving ISDS treaty provisions.......... .169 .169 1. Minimalist vs. detailed approach to ISDS provisions. 170 2. Policy options on specific ISDS issues B. Options for reforming the institutional structure of the ISDS 171 system....... .191 1. Introducing an appeals facility .192 2. Creating a standing international investment court. C. Promoting alternative dispute resolution and dispute prevention policies. .194 ..195 REFERENCES.... ..198 CASES AND ARBITRAL AWARDS .206 UNCTAD Series on International Investment Agreements II

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