Renewable Natural Gas Growth and CO2 Emission Reduction Strategies
Energy Transition may Enrich & Empower Adversarial Governments
KINDER MORGAN
IEA Net Zero Scenario suggests mineral requirements for clean energy technologies would need to grow 6x by 2050
MARKET SIZE & LEVEL OF GEOGRAPHICAL
CONCENTRATION 2019
10 000
Oil
Hydrocarbons are abundant
and geographically diverse
Market size (USD billion)
1 000
100
10
10
Natural gas
Coal
Copper
Nickel
Energy transition minerals are
geographically concentrated
Lithium
Minerals
PROCESSING OF SELECT MINERALS & FOSSIL FUELS BY TOP 3
COUNTRIES IN EACH CATEGORY 2019
Fossil fuels
Oil refining
US
LNG export
Qatar
Copper
China
Nickel
China
Cobalt
China
Lithium
China
Rare earths
Platinum
Rare earth
elements
Cobalt
1
0
1 000
2 000
3 000
4 000
5 000
6.000
Competitive
Concentrated
Herfindahl-Hirschman Index
China
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Russia
Australia
■Chile
■Japan
Indonesia
-Finland
Belgium
Argentina
■Malaysia
Estonia
China ("the only country with the intent to
reshape international order" – Blinken)
dominates the world's mineral processing
Left source: IEA (2021) World Energy Outlook, World Energy Outlook 2021 - Analysis – IEA. All rights reserved.
Right: IEA (2021) The Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions, The Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions - Analysis - IEA. All rights reserved.
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