Indian Constitutional Amendments and State Formations
10 IMPORTANT CONSTITUTIONAL
AMENDMENTS
Amendment No Year
What it changed
1
1951
24
1971
39
1975
42
1976
44
1978
61
1988
86
2002
93
2005
99
2014
101
2016
Introduced the Ninth Schedule to the Constitu-
tion to protect land acquisition laws and limited
judicial review of Supreme Court.
Clarified that the Parliament can amend any part
of the Constitution including fundamental rights.
Excluded the elections and appointments of
Prime Minister, Speaker, President from the
scrutiny of high courts and Supreme Court.
Called the mini constitution, this inserted 'Social-
ism' & 'Securalism' in the Preamble, provision on
fundamental duties, created provisions for
tribunals & limited powers of judicial review of
high courts and Supreme Court.
Included checks for invoking Emergency provi-
sions, protected fundamental right to life, liberty.
press freedom. Right to property ceased to be a
fundamental right.
Reduced the age of voting in elections to 18 years
from 21 years.
Free and compulsory education for children
between 6 & 14 years became a fundamental
right and government's responsibility
Allowed the govt to pass laws to give reserva-
tions to socially, economically backward classes,
scheduled castes & scheduled tribes in public &
private higher educational institutions
Amended the method of appointing judges to the
Supreme Court and high courts by way of a
six-member panel. The SC struck it down in 2015
for violating the Constitution
Introduced the Goods and Services Tax, to bring
in the idea of One Nation, One Tax
Divya Gupta
20
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