Energy Infrastructure & Transition Overview
All Available Sources Required to Meet Demand Outlook
Even as the energy mix gradually shifts, hydrocarbons projected to remain essential to meeting demand
GLOBAL PRIMARY ENERGY DEMAND BY FUEL
billions tons oil equivalent (btoe) | 2019, 2030, 2040
5
total demand & % mix
KINDER MORGAN
3
2
1
Overall energy demand
expected to grow nearly 20%
3%
5%
8%
3%
5%
11%
2%
9%
19%
26%
Oil
Natural gas
Coal
Bioenergy
+7%
+29%
-12%
+34%
Other
renewables
+344%
Nuclear
Hydro
+23%
+37%
Source: International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook, October 2020 (Total Primary Demand in Stated Policies Scenario).
Note: Other renewables include geothermal, solar photovoltaics (PV), concentrating solar power (CSP), wind & marine (tide & wave) energy for electricity & heat generation.
25%
23%
31%
28%
2019
2040
14.4 btoe
17.1 btoe
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