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Energies 2019, 12, 3658 Total Projects 300 250 200 150 100 50 Central America & Caribbean 0.94% Asia 13.35% Europe 60.66% Africa 1.64% (a) North America 17.10% South America 0.70% Oceania 5.62% 0 South America Central America & Caribbean Africa Oceania Continents North America Asia Europe Current Wave Tidal Range ■OTEC ■Salinity Gradient (b) Figure 10. Distribution of the ocean renewable energy projects by (a) continent and (b) source for each continent. Technology distribution The databases were used to determine the technological distribution of the projects. As Figure 12 illustrates, and as was expected, the most employed technologies are current and wave energy technologies. Current energy technologies are closest to technological maturity showing a significant convergence with the use of horizontal axis turbines. Most projects use horizontal axis turbine technology, followed by vertical axis turbines, tidal kites, and oscillatory hydrofoils. On the other hand, more technology diversity can be observed for wave energy converters, partly due to the diversity of wave resources and the complexity of harnessing wave energy. The wave energy technologies are dominated by point absorber devices followed by OWC, oscillating wave surge converters, attenuators, rotating masses, overtopping devices, and submerged pressure differential devices (see Section 3). 17 of 37

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