Windsor Framework & Northern Ireland Protocol Overview

thousand Migration improves Ireland's human capital Ireland's net migration has swung back and forth on economic performance Continued inward migration led to 98k increase (c. 2%) in last year due to strong economy & UKR refugee efforts Migration inflow particularly strong in highly educated cohort - work in MNCs attractive 150 100 50 0 -50 -100 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 2022 Emigration Immigration Net Migration Source: CSO Gníomhaireacht Bainistíochta an Chisteáin Náisiúnta National Treasury Management Agency Migration figures based on year to April thousand 30 25 20 15 10 -5 -10 -15 | T Third Level Other Education All Persons 12009 2015 average 2016-2022 average Source: CSO 58 59

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