Transforming ENERGY
Opportunities
Baseline
$0.0
Niche
$4.7
Market growth
Breakthrough
$9.3
Aggressive
$26.5
Cost of vehicles and chargers
{
High Cost
$18.1
Low Cost
$34.2
Cost of petroleum - High Oil
{
Oil
$83.7
Low
$7.0
-60B
Reduced maintenance
and fuel costs
-20B
20B
60B
Home Charger Cost
Non-Home Charger Cost
Electricity Cost
Vehicle Net Cost
GHG Benefit
Petroleum Benefit
Gasoline Savings
100B
Figure. EV net social benefits in U.S. under various scenarios ($/year)
Source: Melaina et al. (2016)
Increased fuel
efficiency
Zero tailpipe
emissions and
improved air quality
Falling costs for
batteries
USAID
USAID
FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE
Reduced greenhouse
gas emissions
Enhanced energy
security
ONREL
Transforming ENERGY
140B
Economic and job
opportunities
Performance benefits
and quiet operation
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