Renewable Natural Gas Growth and CO2 Emission Reduction Strategies

KINDER MORGAN Opportunity to Capture Carbon from Stationary Sources U.S. CO2 EMISSIONS FROM POINT SOURCES million metric tons ■ landfills ■ LNG storage & import/export equipment ■ ethanol ■ ammonia manufacturing ■ hydrogen production ■nat gas processing ■ iron & steel production ■cement production ■ refineries ■nat gas power ■ coal Other facilities - lower potential for carbon capture capture opportunity... - ~1,900 mmtpa, or ~100 bcfd, CO2 emissions associated with facilities that could be candidates for carbon capture Ethanol facilities and natural gas processing/treating facilities may be economic today under current 45Q - Together, these emissions represent ~1.2 bcfd of CO2 potential ...is tempered by - Facilities are spread out geographically; aggregation is challenged CO2 stream purity varies by facility type, impacts economics Power plants are larger scale opportunities but capture requires high uptime factor, problematic for natural gas peakers Additionally, coal power plants could face nearer- term retirement - Source: 2020 EPA GHG Reporting Program's Flight Tool. 44

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