Russian Forestry and Wood Supply Operations Analysis
50
PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY
PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY
Fig. 7. Essential sections, promising technologies, and
expected results of the implementation of the Development
of industrial biotechnologies in the FTS segment
Production of new types of wood semi-finished products
and other materials
12
- up to 100,000 tons/year of nano pulp, wood composite materials,
biopolymers for biodegradable materials, xanthan, arabinogalactan,
and quercetine from larch
- up to 200,000 tons/year of anti-corrosion heat insulation coatings
New "green" chemistry
$10
- up to 90,000 tons/year of tall oil and pitch, turpentine, and other
terpenes
- up to 9,000 tons/year of drilling muds, bitumen emulsions, and
synthetic oils
- up to 1,000 tons/year of camphor and aroma compounds from
terpenes and terpenoids
- up to 6,000 tons/year of medical preparations
Updating of P&PI, implementation of BAT
07
- up to 2 million tons/year of new kinds of paper and cardboard
(including biodegradable ones) and products made of them
- complete changeover to bleaching without using elemental chlorine
- bringing the secondary fiber utilization rate to 55%
- reduction of specific electric power consumption per ton of product
by 30%, and water consumption, by 50%
Forest bioenergy
3
- bringing the proportion of energy from P&PI waste to 70% of the
total consumption
- production of liquid biofuels of wood origin, up to 200,000 cu
m/year
Environmental protection; disposal of solid P&PI waste
production of up to 1 million tons/year of biofertilizers for agriculture
from P&PI waste
- bioremediation and bioreclamation of dumps and slurry/sludge tanks
- implementation of integrated waste water and gas emission
treatment systems
Number of technologies
The Russian forest technology platform, being a
form of public-private enterprise, should unite
and harmonize the efforts of the state, science,
and business to create a bioeconomy. The goal
is to provide up to 1% of Russia's GDP through
the use of biotechnologies.
To implement this plan, a "Road map for the
development of industrial biotechnologies in
the forestry and timber sector" was developed,
#6 (2015) RUSSIAN
FORESTRY
and approved by the RF Government in June
2013. According to it, 36 new technologies are
to be implemented. The governmental program
"Industry Development and Competitiveness
Enhancement" (a subprogram of "Industrial
Biotechnologies") provides for the growth of
biotechnological product output by 23.3 billion
rubles by 2016, and by 62 billion rubles by 2020
(Fig. 7).
The development of new diversified technologies
and the outfitting of laboratories and institutes
with the necessary equipment for replica/
pilot tests will require a lot of effort, funds
and time. I believe it will be like this not only
in the implementation of the Russian forest
technology platform, but also with other
industrial platforms.
After many years of discussion of the necessity
to implement a process rationing system based on
international experience of implementation of the
best accessible technologies (BAT), amendments
to the Environmental Protection Law and some
statutory acts of the Russian Federation were
adopted on 21.07.2014. The main goal of the
changeover to process rationing is the stage-
by-stage reduction of environment pollution
by implementing BAT. The use of the process
rationing system will enable the enterprises to
evolve from an "end-of-pipe" strategy to the
strategy of "pollution prevention" at its source,
and to achieve high environmental efficiency
along with economic gains.
To implement this, several legislative and
regulatory initiatives have been provided. By
resolution of the RF Government, a package of
measures to discard inefficient technologies and
to switch to BAT has been approved. A draft
resolution of the Russian Federation Government
has been prepared for implementation of the
switchover to the BAT principles, defining the
functions and relationships of governmental
agencies coordinating the development of BAT
information handbooks. Rosstandart is appointed
as the authorized agency of the executive power
for BAT implementation.
To manage the switchover to the BAT principles,
the Ministry of Industry & Trade established
an Interdepartmental Board for switchover
to the BAT principles headed by First Deputy
Minister Gleb Nikitin. The Interdepartmental
Board has supported the initiative of pulp and
paper makers - Ilim Group, and Arkhangelsk
and Solikamsk mills to implement BAT and
switchover to the weight method of water and
air pollution recording. The whole sector's goal
for 2015 is to develop a BAT handbook and
regulatory/procedural documentation. This will
enable P&PI companies to avoid non-productive
environmental penalties.
On the instruction of the Interdepartmental Board,
a technical task team (TTT) is being built, with
representatives of federal executive authorities,
research facilities, public organizations, and
industrial companies on its list. The functions
of the TTT are data collection and analysis to
select a BAT technology, and development and
updating of a BAT handbook.
Also, a BAT board is being formed, to coordinate
the activity of TTT, manage the expert assessment
of the BAT handbook developed by TTT, and submit
the developed handbook to the authorized body,
i.e. Rosstat.
With regard to the opinions of companies/
enterprises, RAO Bumprom has submitted its
proposals for the namelist of TTT for the pulp
and paper industry.
The implementation of BAT will require sizeable
funds. Article 17 of the Federal Law "On
amendments to the Federal Law "On Environmental
Protection" and to some statutory acts of the
Russian Federation, provides for measures of
governmental support to activities aimed at the
implementation of BAT and other efforts to reduce
negative environmental impact. However, the
regulatory documents have not been developed
until now.
ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT ZONES
In the entire 25-year period of economic reform of
the Russian forestry and timber sector, not a single
pulp and paper mill was built on a separate site.
The main reasons are the ill-considered investment
policy and problems with accessibility and cost
of long-term construction loans.
Finally, in 2014 the Government started setting up
mechanisms to support such investment projects.
For this purpose, a law on advanced development
zones (ADZ) is currently being prepared, which
provides for a maximum favorable mode for the
regions' economic potential development. TDZ
is a part of a region with special modes of legal
activities. Such areas provide the best competitive
conditions to their residents.
The changeover of P&PI to a process rationing system
based on BAT will help to:
• achieve a high economic efficiency of production, get additional economic gains, and have
the domestic P&PI products certified, which will enhance their competitiveness;
⚫ reduce the level of gross and specific discharges and emissions of pollutants, and to reach the
rated figures step by step;
• reduce the prime cost of products by using energy and material saving solutions and by cutting
operating costs;
.
improve the finished product quality, and thus increase the profit from their sales.
When working out the law, the best practices
of countries with high paces of development
(China, South Korea etc.) were studied in regard
to the legislative and tax domain. The package
of measures to build such TDZ includes:
• Infrastructure building using budget funds.
Broad tax preferences granted.
•
• Faster VAT refunding mechanism; lower land,
property etc. tax rates.
. No administrative barriers for business.
The start of activities of such a TDS in the Far
East is already planned in 2015. After two or three
years of operation under the new conditions, the
law will be extended to Russia's northern regions.
Summing up, I would like to say the following.
There is a growing understanding in Russian
governmental circles that the existing situation
in the Russian economy and the forestry and
timber sector in particular, has to be radically
changed. Certain actions have already been
taken and now a great deal depends on
the business community, on their ability to
consolidate their efforts and develop a common
stance on several strategic issues. The time
has come to take stock. Governmental support
for the programs and the will of business to
undertake their practical implementation
must become priority issues. Only then will
the forestry sector really become a sector of
the economy that conforms to the concept of
sustainability and adopts a form of up-to-date
environmental-friendly production.
Vladimir A. CHUIKO,
Chairman of the Management Board,
RAO Bumprom
RUSSIAN #6 (2015) 51
FORESTRYView entire presentation