Economic Potential of DACCS and Global CCS Progress
Completed
Operational
In Construction
Advanced Development
Early Development
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
60
COUNT OF CCS FACILITIES INCLUDING DEMONSTRATION AND COMMERCIAL
FACILITIES (over 100,000 tpa)
ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
DEEP SALINE FORMATION
UNDER EVALUATION
DEPLETED OIL AND GAS RESERVOIR
AVERAGE CO2 INJECTION RATE (Mtpa)
3
DEVELOPMENT STAGE
EARLY DEVELOPMENT
IN CONSTRUCTION
OPERATIONAL
ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT
COMPLETED
FIGURE 25: POTENTIAL AND CURRENT CO₂ STORED ACROSS STORAGE TYPES AND DEPLOYMENT STATUS. DATA
DERIVED FROM OVER 150 CCS FACILITIES, INCLUDING COMMERCIAL AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS (OVER
100,000 TPA CO₂) ACROSS ALL STAGES OF DEPLOYMENT
FIGURE 26: THE AVERAGE INJECTION RATE (MILLION TONNES PER ANNUM) OF COMMERCIAL CCS FACILITIES
IN THE DEPLOYMENT PIPELINE. DATA DERIVED FROM OVER 30 CCS FACILITIES WITH DEDICATED GEOLOGICAL
STORAGE, INCLUDING COMMERCIAL AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS (OVER 100,000 TPA CO₂), ACROSS ALL
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT.
Perhaps the most important trend in geological storage is that the average injection
rate per project is increasing. Operational facilities, on average, inject just over 1 Mtpa
CO2. That average could more than double within a decade as new larger projects
commence operation. Storage projects associated with CCS networks in development
generally have injection rates of around 5 Mtpa. Further, storage operators are now
announcing 10 Mtpa CO2 rates or more (1). This growth in injection rate has emerged in
the past two to three years.
The geological characteristics of dedicated storage resources (i.e. non EOR) vary
widely. Facilities are targeting or actively injecting into thin reservoirs with low
permeability, through to multi-Darcy (very high permeability - almost like sand on the
beach) reservoirs hundreds of metres thick. The highest quality deep saline formation
is not necessarily the best option, with operators needing to balance many factors.
For example, injecting into a higher quality formation means the CO2 spreads further,
increasing the monitoring area required.
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GLOBAL CCS
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