Vale Investor Day Presentation Deck slide image

Vale Investor Day Presentation Deck

A world requiring green materials Technological shift faces three challenges ● High investment required US$ 1-2 trillion to be compliant with CO₂ emission requirements Aging plants need to be revamped; Uncertainties related to technology success increase investment risks. Source: Vale's estimates. 1 Assumptions: Biochar@ $250/ton; Electricity@$30/MWh; CCS @ $60/ton.CO2 Higher fuel costs Fuel cost¹ (US$/t coal eq.) Coal NG2 w/ Biocarbon CCS3 Blue Green hydrogen hydrogren "Greener" reductant costs are higher than coal costs; • Biocarbon and natural gas can accelerate transition while developing hydrogen industry. 2 Natural gas. 3 Carbon capture and storage. High-quality ore supply Seaborne iron ore supply by Fe content (%) 21% >66% -3% 51% 25% 2020 66-64% 3% 27% 56% 14% 2030 64% -60% <60% Steelmaking needs high quality products to minimize reductant costs and increase productivity; Main ore bodies available face depletion and beneficiation challenges, thus making it difficult to increase supply of high-grade ores. LO 5
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