Vale Results Presentation Deck
Steel demand will also be driven by an industry wide
decarbonization transition
Steel application in different energy sources
+1
Solar: used as a base for solar
thermal-panels and in pumps,
tanks and heat exchangers.
Wind: main material used in
onshore and off-shore wind turbines
Hydroelectric: needed to
reinforce concrete dams
Biomass: used extensively in
agriculture equipment
Wave and tidal: steel pile is the
main component of systems.
Power generation - Material intensity
ton of Cu eq.1 per terawatt-hour
Energy sector example
Other
Cadmium, gallium, telurium
Rare-earth elements
Coal fired
Source: World Steel Association and Mckinsey
1 Copper equivalent. Cu eq, conversion used 2015-21 average prices for each metal. 2 Estimated average across different technologies, for onshore and onshore.
Gas fired
Aluminium
Copper, nickel and zinc
Steel
Wind ²
Solar
photovoltaic
VALE
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