Optimizing Design and Controls for Thermal Energy Storage
Model Comparisons
Optimal TES Heat Exchanger LCOS ( ¢/kWh)
Optimal Energy Density (kWh/m³)
Optimal TES Heat Exchanger Cost ( $/kWh)
55
25
50
FDM Parametric Optimal
10
5
30
30
35
40
Error Lines ± 5%
AAD: 1.6672
45
PPFA Analytical Model Optimal
50
5
FDM Parametric Optimal
40
35
30
25
-
50
20
20
25
FDM Parametric Optimal
20
5
Error Lines ± 5%
AAD: 0.15643
30
35
5
40
45
50
55
PPFA Analytical Model Optimal
Error Lines ± 5%
AAD: 0.24804
15
20
10
PPFA Analytical Model Optimal
25
25
Optimal TES Heat Exchanger LCOS ( ¢/kWh)
Optimal Energy Density (kWh/m³)
Optimal TES Heat Exchanger Cost ( $/kWh)
55
25
50
50
50
FDM Parametric Optimal
40
ज
30 30
35
40
Error Lines ± 5%
AAD: 0.47811
45
FDM Parametric Optimal
45
40
35
30
25
20
50
20
25
Lumped Mass Approximation Optimal
30
Error Lines ± 5%
AAD: 1.6923
35
40
45
20
20
FDM Parametric Optimal
1
50
55
5
5
Lumped Mass Approximation Optimal
James et al., 2022
10
-06-
Error Lines ± 5%
AAD: 0.2808
15
20
Lumped Mass Approximation Optimal
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